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1、. . . .Unit 1 Section A 1a-2cby 的用法:介词, 表示通过方法或途径的意思, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词，动名词（v-ing）或名词短语。1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。2) travel by air /land/sea. 航空（陆路，航海）旅行3) go by train /boat/ bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车）去4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手5) I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。另外
2、, by作为介词的意义有很多, 例如: 1）在旁边，靠近 There is a power station by the river.河边有一个电厂。2）沿着，经由 come by the highway 由公路来3）由于 by mistake 由于差错4）被，由 some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由鲁迅写的文章5）表示面积 a room 5m by 4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 6）逐个 one by one 一个接一个look相关短语v look about(round;around); look ahead; look back; look up; lo
3、ok down; look left; look right; look sb. up and downv look sth. up（在字典、参考书或电脑中）查找 look sb. up （顺便）拜访，探望 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look down on sb. 轻视某人；瞧不起某人 ask相关短语：ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问有关某事的情况ask sb. to do sth. 要求或请某人去做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 要求或请某人不要去做某事What about?句型what abou
4、t + v.-ing/ n./ pron. （征求意见）怎么样，如何eg. What about this bike? 这辆自行车怎么样？What about her painting?她的画儿怎么样？What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声地读练习发音怎么样呢？辨析aloud/loud/loudlyaloud adv.大声地；出声地，与call,cry,read等连用loud adj. 响亮的；大声的，作表语或定语 adv. 大声；高声，放在speak,shout,laugh,talk后loudly adv. 大声地；响亮地，
5、含有“喧闹”的意味eg. Dont talk so loudly. 别那么高声说话。He read the letter aloud to us. 他把信大声念给我们听。Its too hard to understand spoken English.听懂英语口语太难了。 It +be +形容词 +to do sth. “做某事是 的”。 English-speaking 说英语的tooto是“太以至于不能”可以转化为sothat句型，此时that从句的谓语动词要用否定形式。还可以转换为“not+形容词/副词+enough to do”,其中形容词/副词是tooto中形容词/副词的反义词。e
6、g. He is too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.复习现在完成时 (Present Perfect) 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果；或这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续下去。构成：1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是 “have (has)过去分词”。 注意： 该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2. 否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是
7、 “havent（hasnt）过去分词”。3. 疑问句：现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, have (has). /No, havent (hasnt).连用时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, several times 等。注意：当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。eg. 我曾经到过纽约。Ive been to New York once before. 我刚丢了我的铅笔盒。Ive just lost my pencil-box.现在完成时-与 ever,
8、 never 连用1. never 从来没有，从不，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他从未见过这么高的楼。2. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句 Have you ever wanted to travel around the world? 你曾经想要周游世界吗？注意：never, ever一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。have been to与have gone to 的区别1. have (has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： I
9、ve just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 2. have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示
10、到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：-Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ - He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去。现在完成时与一般过去时同学们要注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。虽然这两个时态都和过去发生的事情有关，但是现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。如：I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。I have been to
11、 the science museum many times. I went there on our last summer vocation.我已经去了科学博物馆很多次。 上个暑假我还去了呢。Section A 2dAnnie, Im a little nervous.安妮，我有点紧张。 a little 可直接修饰不可数名词。 a bit 修饰名词时其后须加of,即a bit of ,后接不可数名词。 I drank a little milk just now.=I drank a bit of milk just now.finish reading a book 读完一本书fini
12、sh doing finish后接名词/代词/动词-ingThat doesnt sound too bad. 那听上去不算太糟糕。 sound用作连系动词，“听起来”，其后长跟形容词。 英语中常用的连系动词 一是（be）,一感（feel）,一保持（keep）, 起来四个（sound ,look, smell, taste）,好像（seem）变了仨（ get, turn , become）The more you read, the faster youll be. 你读的书越多，你会读得越快。The +比较级，the +比较级 表示越就越Section A 3a,3b1. The teach
13、er spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time? * too.to : “太.而不能.” 表否定 so. that : “如此.以至于.” 表肯定 eg. The boy is too young to go on his own.The boy is so young that he cant go on his own.2. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of Eng
14、lish movies. so that “以便，为了” （从句常用can, could，would，may等） She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.她努力工作，为的是及时准备好各项工作。3. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事或不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 担心会发生某事或某情况 Heisafraidtogooutofgoingou
15、taloneatnight. 他不敢晚上一个人出去。Hewasafraidoflosingface. 他怕丢面子。because of + 名词、代词、动名词 because + 句子I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. He lost his job because of his age.4. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! fall / be in love with 喜好，喜爱；恋爱I fell in love with this house. 我喜欢上了这个房子。He is in love with his work.
