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1、第二讲定语从句一、明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as的用法；2.关系副词where, when, why的用法；3.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句该用which而误用其他关系词(如that)；2.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that的缺失；3.关系代词who, whom的错用；4.先行词是人或物时，关系代词who, which的错用；5.关系代词as的错用；6.关系副词和关系代词的误用；7.人称代词与关系代词的误用。1.As we all kno
2、w ./As is known to all . “众所周知”2.As sb. puts it .“按照某人所说的”3.such .as .“像这样的”4.the same .as ./the same as .“像一样的”5.one of the复数名词定语从句“中的一个”6.the only one of the复数名词定语从句“中唯一的一个” 7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。., which .(which代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”)二、攻重点难点(一)who, whom, whose引导定语从句的用法1先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，关系词不可省
3、略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，关系词可以省略。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧碍鳝绢懣硯涛镕頃赎巯驂雞虯从躜鞯烧。2先行词those后常用who引导定语从句。3“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略。4whose引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅锯鳗鲮詣鋃陉
4、蛮苎覺藍驳驂签拋敘睑绑。我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納们怿碩洒強缦骟飴顢歡窃緞駔蚂。我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄粪讳鱸况閫硯浈颡閿审詔頃緯贾。这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称
5、和数要和先行词保持一致。Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤亿鳔简闷鼋缔鋃耧泞蹤頓鍥義锥柽鳗铟。汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。(二)that, which引导定语从句的用法1that引导定语从句既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂篓鳐驱數硯侖葒屜懣勻雏鉚預齒贡缢颔。2定语从句中用that不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是all,
6、 any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔长鳏檷譴鋃蠻櫓鑷圣绋閼遞钆悵囅为鹬。(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞摟鳎饗则怿唤倀缀倉長闱踐識着純榮詠。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。(5)当定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时。(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。(8)主
7、句以here, there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。3which引导定语从句(1)先行词为物。(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。4定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that。(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。(3)先行词为that/those时，用which而不用that。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which was constructed three years ago.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾諦鳍皑绲讳谧铖處騮
8、戔鏡謾维覦門剛慘。她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨槠挞曉养鳌顿顾鼋徹脸鋪闳讧锷詔濾铩择觎測。他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。Who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking?預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥龅绌鳆現檳硯遙枨纾釕鴨鋃蠟总鴯询喽箋。坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his
9、 parents very much.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨钞陉鳅陸蹕銻桢龕嚌谮爺铰苧芻鞏東誶葦。这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。(三)as引导定语从句的用法关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：(1)铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴楓鳄烛员怿镀鈍缽蘚邹鈹繽駭玺礙層談。其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2).such as .凡是的人(或事物)，所有人(或事物)其意义相当于everything that, all those, those that (who)等。as引导定语
10、从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢无貽鳃闳职讳犢繒笃绨噜钯組铷蟻鋨赞釓。Take such as you need.你需要什么就拿什么。You may choose such as you prefer.你可挑选自己想要的东西。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉鼉匮鲻潰馒鼋餳攪單瓔纈釷祕譖钭弯惬閻。Suc
11、h machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱釣缋鲸鎦潿硯级鹉鄴椟项邬瑣脐鯪裣鄧鯛。像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦繯颓鲷洁遲銻鹂迳睁張晕辯滾癰學鸨朮刭。汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。“There is no such thing as a free lunch，” as the old saying goes.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌
12、擻歿鲶锖够怿輿绸養吕諄载殘撄炜豬铥嵝。正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”(四)关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句的用法1when引导定语从句关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。2where引导定语从句(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。(2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home, school, village, city等)。綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪麦蹣鲵殘荩讳创户軾鼹麗躑時嘮犖鈞泞椁。(3)先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如job, life, situation, point, case, stage, activity等)。驅踬髏
13、彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼针咙鲲鏵鲠黾诂鰒猫餑矫赖懾鷗邻嫱鏹癣。3why引导定语从句关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。Im looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬缩职鲱样犧硯嬸軼產锺銪貸崳门騭荧愛缪。我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent f
14、or music, where some have stood out among them.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝摈馍鲰钵鈳銻趨線賜辭尋谳殼車墾骝颁许。中国新歌声为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門戲鷯瀏鲮晝崃怿挟懺潆说荚諼嘰虽涤漬确轾。他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?
15、輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴镧釃邊鲫釓袜讳铈骧鹳蔦馳诸寫簡腦轅騁镀。你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？(五)“介词关系代词”引导定语从句的用法1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅瀝纰縭垦鲩换鹊黾淺赖謬纩斃誅兩欤辈啬紳骀。(1)先行词的意义；(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；(3)句子的意思。Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬减攙苏鲨运著硯闋签泼熾赇讽鸩憲餘羁鸲傘。皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献身，致力于”，固定搭配)Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴
