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1、听力短对话四级考试听力短对话部分为单项选择题，共有 8 段对话，针对每段对话都会有一个问题提出。对话采取的是男女对话、一问一答的形式，考查考生对衣、食、住、行等日常生活或考试、学习等校园生活有关的对话的理解，需要考生在短时间内听懂关键信息并快速做出反应。就短对话而言，其难度主要体现在其句长和用词方面，很多考生因句子太长而难以记住所有细节，或者因听到不认识的生词而自乱阵脚，漏听了更重要了信息，造成了不必要的失分。然而，无论什么类型的考试，都会遵循一定的命题规律。在短对话的考试中，考生们只要能熟悉考试中经常涉及的各场景（如日常生活、饮食健康、环境气候等）和提问模式（如推理提问、归纳提问、观点提问等
2、），并能抓住每段对话的关键句，即题眼（如建议句、转折句、虚拟句等），同时再结合说话者语音、语调语速的变化，便能在短时间内迅速找出正确答案。二、 命题规律 A 题眼句式 纵观历年大学英语四级考试真题，听力短对话命题的题眼有以下五种类型的句式：I建议句在四级考试中，各种对话场景中都有可能征询或者提出建议的情况，因此建议句是四级听力中比较频繁出现的句型之一，经常作为提问的对象成为整个对话的关键句。比较常见的建议句有：How about/What about?Shall I/we?Would you/Would you like to?Wouldntbe better/wiser?Lets.You/H
3、e/Shed better.You should.Id like you to.例如 2005 年 12 月第 1 题：1. A) See a doctor. B) Stay in bed for a few days. C) Get treatment in a better hospital. D) Make a phone call to the doctor.录音原文：W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesnt hurt as much as itdid yesterday.M: S
4、hed better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And I will call her about it this evening.Q: What does the man think Carol should do?答案解析：答案 A。此题的题眼是“建议句”Shed better by a doctor （让医生做检查） ，据此判断他建议她看医生，故答案为 A。 II反问句、反意疑问句在听力对话中，反问句和反意疑问句往往从表 面 上 看 是 疑 问 句 ， 而 实 际 上 说 话 者 是 在 强 调 某 种 肯 定 或 否 定 的 答 案 ,也
5、 就是 明 知 故 问 。 只 要 抓 住 此 种 句 型 “明 知 故 问 ”的 特 点 就 能 顺 利 解 题 。例如 2005 年 6 月第 3 题：3. (A) Save time by using a computer.(B) Buy her own computer (C) Borrow Marthas computer.(D) Stay home and complete her paper 录音原文：W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer
6、.M: Why dont you buy one yourself? Think how much time you could save.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?答案解析：答案 B。此题的题眼是“反问句”Why dont you buy one yourself。本题通过 “why dont”引出说话者的建议“自己买一台” ，建议的内容就是正确答案。III虚拟句虚拟语气是四级考试中的一个难点，当其在听力对话中出现时，更对考生的综合应变能力是一个不小的挑战。但是，如果抓住虚拟句在日常对话中出现的几个主要类别，以及各类别句式所表达的含义
7、，这个难关其实也不难攻克。在听力对话中，虚拟句经常会出现在 wish 后的宾语从句中（经常会省略连词 that）表达说话者的不可能实现的愿望；或者出现在 if 条件状语从句中，表示与事实相反的假设；亦或者出现在一些表示要求、建议、命令、提议等语气的句子中。例如 2007 年 12 月第 13 题：13.（A) Teaching her son by herself. （B) Having confidence in her son.（C) Asking the teacher for extra help.（D) Telling her son not to worry. 录音原文：W: Wh
8、at would you do if you were in my place?M: If Paul were my son, Id just not worry, now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself. Hes sure to do well in the next exam.Q: Whats the mans suggestion to the woman?答案解析：答案 B。此题的题眼是“虚拟句”If Paul were my son, Id just not worry，
9、并在后文补充说明因为他有老师的额外帮助和孩子自己很努力,下次考试一定会考好等信息,隐含了男士建议女士对儿子应充满信心的含义，故选 B。A、C、D 三项与原文不符。IV转折句转折句式总是会引起说话者态度的转变，以及整个话题重心的转移，所以转折句中的内容通常都会成为考点。对于这类考题，抓住句中表转折意味的词或词组就成为破题的关键了。只要能准确理解转折词后句子内容，要选出正确答案就变得非常容易了。比较常见的转折词和词组有：but, yet, however, actually, otherwise, insteadin fact, as a matter of fact, to tell you t
10、he truth例如 2008 年 12 月第 18 题：18.(A)He is confident he will get the job. (B)His chance of getting the job is slim. (C)It isnt easy to find a qualified sales manager.(D)The interview didnt go as well as he expected.录音原文：W: You had a job interview yesterday, didnt you? How did it go?M: Not too bad, I g
11、uess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales managers job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?答案解析：答案 B。此题的题眼是“转折句”but the other two seemed better qualified，从此句中可以看出最后面试的三者中男士认为其它两人比自己更有资格，所以获得这个工作的机会不大。V同意句、否定
12、句同意句和否定句通常表达了说话者的总体态度，所以通过对同意句或否定句的把握，往往可以揣测出两位对话者所要表达的含义的异同，通过比较选出正确答案。同意句比较常见的表达方式有：I agree with you. I think/guess so. So do I / Me too.Certainly/Absolutely/Sure.Good idea./Why not?That sounds great/nice.否定句比较常见的表达方式有：I dont think so.No, thanks.tootoNeithernorIt doesnt matter.Im afraid I cant.I d
13、oubt it.I didnt mean toTheres no need towould rather例如 2005 年 1 月第 4 题：4. (A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.(B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.(C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.(D) They will limit their teaching to ce
14、rtain subjects only.录音原文：M: What do you think of the prospects for online education? Is it going to replace the traditional school?W: I doubt it. Schools are here to stay, because there are much more than just book learning. Even though more and more kids are going online, I believe fewer of them wi
15、ll quit school altogether.Q: What does the woman think of the conventional schools?答案解析：答案 C。此题的题眼是“否定句”I doubt it. 从此句中可以看出这位女士对前面网络教育取代传统教育的看法持否定态度。同时，她在后面又补充说明没有多少孩子会退学。综合这两句，此题答案应选 C。VI. 祈使句在听力对话中，祈使句往往用来表达请求、责备、关心、警告、命令、建议等意义，其句型也比较简单，通常是省略主语，以谓语动词开头 ，或者以 Dont，Lets 等作为句子的开头。例如 2008 年 6 月第 13 题：
16、13.（A) A tragic accident. （B) A sad occasion. （C) Smiths unusual life story. （D) Smiths sleeping problem 录音原文：W: Did you hear Jay Smith died in his sleep last night? M: Yes, its very sad. Please let everybody know that whoever wants to may attend the funeral. Q: What are the speakers talking about?答案解析：答案 B。此题的题眼是 Its very sad，和“祈使句” Please let everybody know that whoever wants to may attend the fu
