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1、Unit2Grammarandusage 语法讲解建议采用归纳法 如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句 或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句 引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律 1 Atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon 2 Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar 3 Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn tseeanything 4 Thefac
2、tthatPollydidn taskfortheman snameisapity PredictiveClause 表语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause同位语从句 Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem Nounclausesactlikenounsandcanfunctionasthesubject object predicativeorappositiveinthesentence NounClauses 主语从句Subje
3、ctClause 名词性从句NounClause 宾语从句ObjectClause 表语从句PredicativeClause 同位语从句AppositiveClause 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主语 这个句子叫做主语从句 Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious 主语从句SubjectClause I Subjectclauses Subjectclausescanbeintroducedbythat whetherorquestionswords 1 Thathewill
4、succeediscertain 2 Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3 Whathesaidisnottrue 4 Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5 Whoevercomesiswelcome 6 Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 7 Whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet 用it作形式主语 that引导的从句是句子的真正主语 有以下四种不同的结构 a It be 形容词 that 从句Itisnecessary
5、that 有必要 Itisimportantthat 重要的是 Itisobviousthat 很明显 主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首 b It be ed分词 that 从句Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntoallthat 众所周知 c It be 名词 that 从句Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 d It 不及物动词 that 分句Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的宾语 这个句子叫做宾语从句 Iworryaboutwheth
6、erhecangetovertheillness JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday 宾语从句ObjectClause 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 作动词的宾语Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother that引导的从句常跟在下列形容
7、词后作宾语 anxious certain convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased satisfied content等 3 作形容词的宾语Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语 而真正的宾语则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth 4 it可以作为形式宾语 下列动词后常引导宾语从句mak
8、e think consider feel find等 这类动词有allow refuse let like cause force dislike love help take forgive等 这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语 但不可以用that引导的宾语从句 Iadmiretheirwinningthematch Iadmirethattheywonthematch 5 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词 right wrong 常见的有envy order accuse refuse impress forgive blame advise等 Heimpressedthemanager
9、asanhonestman Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman right wrong 6 有些动词不可用于 动词 间接宾语 that从句 结构中 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表语 这个句子叫做表语从句 Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently Mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintoricefields 表语从句PredicativeClause 2 在that引导的表语从句中 that不能用which来替换 1 表语从句可以用that why where when h
10、ow whether what who which等词引导 表语从句需要注意的问题 3 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 建议 或者是 命令 之类的词 如 advice suggestion proposal order plan idea等 那么从句中的动词通常用 should 动词原形 1 Mysuggestionisthatweall take anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet 2 Hisproposalwasthatthework finish infivehours should befinished should take 1 同位语从句的定义在复
11、合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句 同位语从句是名词性从句的一种 它在句中起同位语的作用 同位语从句AppositiveClause 它一般放在fact news idea truth hope problem information belief thought doubt promise question等名词的后面 对前面的名词作进一步的解释 说明前面名词的具体含义 引导同位语从句的词有连词that 连接副词how when where whether等 ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow Wordcamethatth
12、eirteamhadwon 同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开 2 同位语从句的表现形式 由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet 由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed 由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitCh
13、inaagain Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere 同位语从句 定语从句 3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词 定语从句所修饰 限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的 Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue 同位语从句 news和从句没有逻辑关系 Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue 定语从句 news是told的逻辑宾语 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语等 同位语从句主要由连接词that引
14、导 有时也可用when where who whether等引导 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导 Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略 Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue Thenews that hetoldmeisexciting 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子 谓语动词用be的不同形式 Heheardt
15、henewsthattheirteamhadwon Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon 此句可以变为一个表语从句 AReadthearticleanddecidewhethertheunderlinedclausesaresubject object predicativeorappositiveclauses subjectclausepredicativeclauseobjectclauseobjectclauseappositiveclause 课本练习 BJoineachpairofsentencesintoone Itisgreatthattheancient
16、towerinthetemplewillgoontheNationalCulturalHeritagelist Don tyouknowthatpassengersarenotallowedtousemobilephonesduringtheflight ItismyhopethatIcanlearnmoreaboutWorldHeritagebyreadingthisbook 4 IpromisedmydadthatIwouldquitwatchingTVfortwoweeksbeforetheexam 5 Mysuggestionisthatweshoulddealwiththeprobleminanotherway 6 Ihavesomedoubtwhetherthesepopstarswillstillbefamousin10years Individualactivity Theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertoChina A whichB thatC whomD when2 Thefact hedidn tseeTomyesterda
