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1、 推理判断题增分点(一)细节推断典例(2018全国卷阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent
2、of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.28What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar
3、patterns.DThey were closely connected.解析选B根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。干扰项分析根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代
4、语言的发展速度，可排除A项。增分技巧细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。解答这类题的一般步骤是：(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点；(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思；(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。训练目标(一) 对
5、点练攻克失分短板A(2018全国卷阅读D节选)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated de
6、vices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.32. What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environmentfriendly.BThey are no better than the old.CThey cost more to use at home.DThey go out of style quickly.解析：选A根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated devices consume much mor
7、e energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。B(2018全国卷阅读C节选).When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It does point out that many
8、 parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?AEbooks are of poor quality.BIt could be a waste of time.CIt may harm childrens health.DEreaders are expensive.解析：选C根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electro
9、nic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。C(2017全国卷阅读B节选)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures
10、can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.24What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?AEfforts made in vain.BGetting injured in his work.CFeeling uncertain about his future.DCreatures forced out of their homes.解析：选A根据
11、选段的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下去，由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。故选A。D(2017全国卷阅读C节选).Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The m
12、usic cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.30What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and white.CIt should keep up with the times.DIt changes
13、 every 50 years.解析：选C根据选段内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可推知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。训练目标(二) 综合练提高解题速度(加的题目为细节推断题)AAre you planning to go to university？What do you think your responsibilities will be in the first few weeks？If yo
14、u go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin.An important part of starting university in Chile is the mechoneo.The mechoneo is an ancient university tradition.Students beginning their first year at university are “welcomed” by the older university stude
15、nts.They are taken to a place like a swimming pool filled with horrible things such as old fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.They have to do games and challenges for a whole day, which may include some really revolting things like kissing a dead fish!The “queen mechona” and “king mechona” are chosen that day.This will be based on how well the students do the activities, and many students try hard to be the king or queen for the year.The older students then take away the younger students things (their backpacks, money, phones, etc.) and tell them they must
