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1、第二部分 语法专题研究,专题十二 句子的种类,练讲重难点,命题点一 疑问句 命题点二 How 词组 命题点三 主谓一致 命题点四 There be 句型 命题点五 感叹句 命题点六 倒装句 命题点七 祈使句,分析近5年贵州真题可知,贵州中考对简单句主要在单项选择、完形填空、词汇运用(汉语提示和适当形式填空)和短文改错题型中进行考查。主要涉及疑问句、感叹句、主谓一致及there be句型、How词组、祈使句、倒装句。,句子的种类在贵州中考中每年都有涉及,预计2016年依旧会考查其中的一、两个考点,其中What感叹句和主谓一致仍会重点考查,其他如:倒装句、there be句型和How词组也会适当穿
2、插着考查。学生必须在日常学习中对句子的种类进行分类复习、总结,提前备考。,1. There are some kids playing chess on the ground, _? A. arent they B. are they C. are there D. arent there,D,命题点一,疑问句,考点抢测,2. Tony, _ are you in such a hurry? The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late. A. where B. how C. when D. why,D,练讲重难点,3. She has
3、 a good knowledge of American culture. Is she from America? _. She just reads many books about American culture. A. Yes, she is B. No, she isnt C. Yes, she has D. No, she hasnt,B,4. Is this a Chinese book or an English book? _ A. Yes, it is B. No, it isnt C. An English book D. A music book,C,贵州中考对疑问
4、句的考查主要以特殊疑问句的疑问词辨析和反意疑问句为主,偶尔少量涉及一般疑问句和选择疑问句。考生在复习中需重点掌握特殊疑问词的含义和具体用法,以及反意疑问句的用法,清楚一般疑问句的句式结构。具体分类及用法详见下表:,满分点拨,反意疑问句应注意以下几点: (1) 陈述部分含有few, little, hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none等表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句要用肯定结构。如:He is never late for work, is he? 他上班从不迟到,是吗? (2) 陈述部分是there be句型时,反意疑问句
5、中依然用there。如:There is a park near here, isnt there?这儿有个公园,不是吗?,(3) 陈述部分含I think/ believe/ suppose that.结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。如:I dont think you are wrong, are you?我认为你没有错,不是吗? (4) 当have/has不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中作谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do/ does/ did。如:They had a party last night, didnt they?他们昨晚举行了晚
6、会,不是吗?,(5 )let引导的祈使句有两种情况: lets开头的句子后的反意疑问句要用“shall we?”。如:Lets go home, shall we?回家吧,好吗? let us/me. 开头的句子后的反意疑问句要用“will/wont you?”。如:Let me have a look, will/ wont you?让我看一看,行吗?,(6) 当must表示对过去的情况进行推测时,如果强调对过去情况的推测 (一般句中有过去的时间状语),反意疑问句部分要用didnt主语;如果强调动作的完成 (一般没有过去时间状语),反意疑问句用havent/ hasnt主语。当must表示对
7、现在的情况进行推测时,反意疑问句部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形 式。如:He must be good at English, isnt he? 他英语一定学得很好,是吗?,反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的问法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意否定陈述句肯定附加问句时,反意疑问部分肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反;这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。,1. _ have you been in the sports club? Since the first month I came to the sc
8、hool. A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon,B,命题点二,How词组(2015年1次;2014年6次;2013年2次;2012年3次;2011年3次),考点抢测,3. Linda, do you know _ it is from the library to the bookstore? About ten minutes walk. A. how often B. how many C. how long D. how far,D,2. _ can you finish this English examination? In
9、about one and a half hours. A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long,C,How词组是贵州中考的常考点,主要在单项选择中考查,选项设置为几个How词组的辨析。How词组一般以对话形式进行考查,考生在解答此类试题时,首先可分析答句中的关键词:若出现数量词,则判断可能考How many或How much; 若是表示价钱的词,则考How much;出现频度副词或表频度的短语,如twice a week, never, hardly等,则考How often;,满分点拨,若答句用“for一段时间”或“since过去时间点
10、”,则考How long;若答句表示距离,则考How far;若答句用“in一段时间”,则考How soon;若回答年龄,则考How old。考生在复习时应掌握How词组的具体用法。 How词组辨析,1. Not only my friends but also I _ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A. be B. am C. is D. are,B,命题点三,主谓一致(2015年4次;2014年3次;2013年6次;2012年1次;2011年9次),考点抢测,2. Tom as well as his pare
11、nts_ going to London for traveling next month. A. were B. are C. is,C,3. About three fourths of the earth _ covered with water, but we have less and less available fresh water. A. was B. is C. are D. were,B,满分点拨,贵州中考对主谓一致考查相对较多,主要考查主语与谓语动词的一致性以及一些固定词引导的句子中的主谓一致原则,如with, as well as, both.and., either
12、.or.等,考生需要尤其注意。具体用法讲解如下:,语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 (1) 当and或both.and.连接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。,(2)不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody something, everyone, ev
13、erybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?,(3)由each, each.and each., every.and every.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。,(4) 主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather
14、 than, including, besides, like, except, but 等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词前的主语的单复数形式决定。如:Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。,(5) “a number of 名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32。,(6)“
15、a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, most of)名词”和“分数或百分数of名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Lots of people have been there. 很多人去过那儿。 (7)to do或doing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。,意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 (1) 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。,(2)集体名词(如family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government.)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。 (3) people, police, catt