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1、. . . . .新外研版八年级下册英语语法-现在完成时I Warm-up选择题。（ ）1. He often_his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash（ ）2. Next month_twenty five. A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have（ ）3. We will start as soon as our teacher_ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is comin
2、g（ ）4. Last week John_his leg. A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken（ ）5. It_ hard when I left my house . A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain II Grammar现在完成时（一）构成：1.肯定句主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他如：I have been to Beijin
3、g.2.否定句 3.主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他如：He hasnt finished his homework yet.4.一般疑问句 Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？如：Has the letter arrived yet?5.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？如：Where have you been to ?（二）用法：1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, before, yet,
4、never, ever 等状语连用。例如：同步练习（1） I have _that before. (我从来没有听说过那回事） Have you_? （你曾经骑过马吗？） She _the math exercises.（他已经完成了数学作业） I_ book. （我刚刚丢了历史书）2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three year
5、s过去的某一时刻：since nine hours ago, since last week, since 1990since 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came， since you got home 注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week. 对划线部分提问都用How long同步练习（2）用since 和for填空1. I have had this car a year.2. The shop has been close
6、d last week.3. How long have you studied Chinese? two years ago.4. We havent seen each other she went back to her country.重难点have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他
7、曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在说话人的地方）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人去了，不在说话人的地方）Exercises I:用gone或been填空。1. I am sorry Im late, everyone. Ive_ _ _ to the dentists.2. Theres nobody at home. I think theyve _ _ away for the weekend.3. You look very brown. Where have you _ _ on holiday?4. Simon isnt here at the mo
8、ment. Hes _ _ _to a football match.5. Have you ever_ _ _to Scotland? Yes, Ive _ _ there quite a few times.一般过去时与现在完成时之比较：1）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago，just now）连用.be结构：肯定式：主语was were 其他 否定式：主语was werenot 其他 一般疑问句：Wa
9、s Were主语 其他 V结构：肯定式：主语v.过去式其他 否定式：主语didnt v.原形其他 一般疑问句:Did主语v.原形其他2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, , just now, this morning等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。请大家认真分析、比较下列各例句：I saw this f
10、ilm yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last we
11、ek, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用一般过去时。例如：Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （）Mary has watered the flowers just now. ( )Mary watered the flowers just now. ( )Mary has just watered the flowers . ( )判断： When did you lose it? ( ) When have you
12、lost it? ( )Exercises II:用括号内单词的现在完成时或一般过去时形式完成句子1. My friend is a writer. He (write) many books.2. We (not/have) a holiday last year.3. I (play) table tennis yesterday afternoon.4. What time (you/go) to bed last night?5. (you/ever/meet) a famous person?6. The weather (not/ be ) very good yesterday.
13、7. My hair is wet. I (just/wash) it.8. I (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning.9. Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) many countries.10. Is Sonia here? No, she (not/ come) yet.（三）现在完成时与瞬间动作：瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：1.）用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.2.）用“It is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时从句 ”
