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1、. . . . .1)先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously同时地; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing.由于，因为；since then；first of all；afterwards后来; following this; preceding先前的 ;originally最初的ultimate最终的，极限的，根本的2) 因果关系：because；b
2、ecause of this；being that（口语）既然，因为；another important factorreason of. ； since； as； for； in that.； owing to由于，通常负面； due to由于； for the reason that.； in view of鉴于，考虑到 result from归因于the reason seems to be obvious; there are about. ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；.and so.； consequently所以
3、，因此；as a result； thus这样，如此，因而； hence因此； so；so that.； in consequence结果，结果； as a consequence； accordingly因此，于是，相应地; inevitably不可避免地; under theseconditions thereupon因此于是upon迫近3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of不顾 ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of不顾; ye
4、t.；and yet； but unless. Nonetheless尽管如此4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either.，or.；both.and.5)递进关系： furthermore此外，而且；moreover而且，此外；further进一步地，此外；In this way ；still； not only.but also.； not.but.； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具体地说, next, besides； as far as
5、. is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words；along this line of consideration；on (the) one hand.在一方面，on the other hand.； even； as a saying goes.；in order to do it.; meanwhile同时； at the same time； accordingly因此； In the first place.，in the second place.;equally important; of even greater appeal.6) 比较关系
6、： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact.; like.； likewise同样地，也； similarly important； apart from (doing).； . rather than.，by doing so ；bothand.; in the same way; not only.but (also).7) 对照：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding虽然，尽管; rather当然
7、，的确，宁愿，相当; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely相反的； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to this与不同 ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this； nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此; contrary to； whereas但是，鉴于； while；but on the other
8、hand8) 举例关系:for example； for instance例如； in this case既然假若这样; namely也就是 instance例子实例换句话说； as you know； you may assay； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is一个恰当的例子是.; consider.； in particular尤其特别；including.；for one thing.首先，for another.；put it simply；stated roughly粗糙地，概略地； as an illustrati
9、on， I will say.； a good example (of.)would be.；to detail this，I would like to.； It is interesting to note that.；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly特别，尤其；moreover
10、(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality事实上； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention.；believe it or not；undeniably(无可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certainsure that.；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely明确地，肯定地; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in
11、any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only. but(also.), both. and.10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once.；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.11) 归纳总结类： in a word / in sum / in shortin brief / in conclusion / in summaryth
12、erefore因此，所以 / hence因此，今后to sum up / to concludethe conclusion can be drawn thatfor this reason / on the whole12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent邻近 to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between
13、; on this side.13) 目的关系：with this object无证; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account由于。缘故; in case万一; with a view to考虑到; for the same reason.14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); h
14、ence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only.but (also.); so. as to.16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward后来; after th
15、is; subsequently后来; lastly最终; finally; consequently所以，因此; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously同时地; concurrently(同时发生的)17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length终于，最后; in the mean time同时; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden突然; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally偶然地; in a moment; shortly立刻; whereupon于是，因此; previouslyHenceforth
