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1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood 三 虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一 种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建 议等等。 三 虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中的用法 1 与现在事实相反 条件状语语从句 谓语谓语 主句谓语谓语 动词过动词过 去式Should/would/ could /might +动词动词 原形 例如: If I had time now, we should read it again. If she knew about it, she would come. If he were here, everything would be all right
2、. If I _you , I wouldnt return the call. A.be B. am C. was D.were Test yourself D D 2 与过去事实相反 条件状语语从句 谓语谓语 主句谓语谓语 had +过过去分词词should/would/could/ might +have +过过去分词词 例如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 翻译 昨天，如果你把电暖器关了的话 ，房子就不会着火了。 If you had turned off the heater yeste
3、rday. The house would not have caught fire. TEST YOURSELF EX1. If I _more time, I would have gone with you. A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have EX2. If I had known that, I _ so . A. wouldnt do B.wouldnt have done C. Wont do D. have not done B B 3 与将来事实相反 条件状语语从句谓语谓语主句谓语谓语 动词过动词过 去式 Should/wo
4、uld/could/mig ht +V原形 Should +V 原形 were to +V原形 例如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there. If she should come, I should ask her for help. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. 1. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do? A.rains B. Were to rain C. would ra
5、in D. rain 2. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow. A.will B. Would not C. wont D. Would not have Test B B 补充1.Without (没有),but for(要 不是), otherwise(否则), 这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略 条件句. I was busy last week ,otherwise I would have come to see you . = I was busy last week ,if I had not been busy last week
6、, I would have come to see you 1. Without electricity, human life_ quite different today. A. is B. Will be C. would have been D. would be If there were no electricity, 2.But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A.would have died B.would die C. must die D. must have died If there hadnt been the
7、 Party,he. D A 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _your bitrhday party. A. Attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attended If I hadnt been busy,I D 补充2.错综时间条件句 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条 件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并 不是同时发生,这时动词的形式 并不完全按照上述表格形式进行 ,而需要按照各自的时间来调整, 这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句 . 例如1: If you had followed the
8、 doctors advice (then), you would be all right now. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你现在就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与 从句各自的时间做调整.) If you had followed the doctors advice, you would have been all right then. 如果你那时听了医生的话,你那时就好了. (主句与从句发生的时间同时.) 例如2: If you had watered them more ,the crops would be growing still better. 如果你再给庄
9、稼多浇些水,他们会长得更 好.(指现在长得更好.) If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better. (表示对过去的虚拟) 如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长 得更好 例如3 如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它 . (从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事 实相反.) If I hadnt finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow. 如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会 这么困难. If he
10、had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldnt have so many difficulties now. 1. If you were older (对现在进行虚拟 ), I _ you to go there yesterday(对过去进行虚拟). A.Will allow B. should allow C. Would have allowed D. had allowed C 补充三:倒装形式表示虚拟条件句 从句中有were ,had ,should或would等词语, 可以将if省略,同时were ,had ,sho
11、uld或would 提至句首,构成倒装.表示虚拟条件 (1) If I should meet her, I would tell her. =should I meet her, I would tell her.(万一) (2) If I were in your position, I would do it better. =were I in your position, I would do it better. (3). If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. = Had they made prepar
12、ations, they would have succeeded. 1._, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you C ( 二)在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，表示 不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种 1 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动 词用过去式。 I wish I had time to read. I wish I knew her address. 2 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已 经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用“had
13、 +动词过去分词”。 I wish I had studied very hard. He wishes he hadnt spent so much money. 3 表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿 望，谓语动词用 “would/could/might+动词原形”。 I wish he would be more careful. I wish he would do the job better. She wishes I would go with her. (三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用法 1. 在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词 +that”的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式 常
14、用“(should)+动词原形”。 常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange 常用的过去分词通常是表示建议， 要求，命令 等suggestd,required,requested,demanded ,ordered,desired,advised,. 例如: It is natural that he should say so. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once. 例如 It is really strange that the
15、girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry C 2.表示建议.要求.命令类的名词性从句 一坚持. insist 二命令, order, command 三建议,advice, suggest, propose, 四要求demand, require, request, desire ，通常用“should+动词原 形”。Should可以省略 例如 He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. She proposed that the meeting be put off. He ordered that they should start off immediately. I demanded that he should answer me at once. 在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表 语从句，同位语从句中，通常用 “should+动词原形”。 这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion,decesion, a
