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1、河北农业大学 硕士学位论文 日光温室丽蚜小蜂应用技术研究 姓名：王玉波 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：魏国树 2009-06-10 摘 要 粉虱类害虫是设施蔬菜生产中最重要的害虫类群之一，目前其防控主要依赖 化学农药，但过多利用化学防治常常造成环境污染、害虫抗药性、残留等问题， 因此研究和利用其生物防治为核心的关键技术是当前的研究热点和发展方向。丽 蚜小蜂是粉虱类害虫的寄生性优势天敌种群之一，田间的寄生防治效果较好，应 用前景广阔。本文针对日光温室蔬菜中粉虱利用丽蚜小蜂防治技术环节繁杂、成 本较高和防控效果不稳定等问题，室内研究了丽蚜小蜂蛹低温下贮存时间对其品 质、田间放蜂量的影响，分
2、别比较研究了与放蜂相关的配套措施、不同益害比和 年前不放蜂等因素对粉虱控制效果的影响，并调查了放蜂期间粉虱的分布规律， 主要结果如下： 1.丽蚜小蜂蛹低温贮存 130d 范围内，其贮存时间的长短对品质、田间放蜂 量有较大影响，11贮存条件下不超过 6d 较好。贮存时间 6d 的丽蚜小蜂羽化率、 产卵量、第 3d 羽化进度依次为 80.5%、125.8 头、1.4%，田间放蜂量应加大 19%. 2. 定植清洁苗、前期及时清除底部老叶和安装防虫网等相关配套措施对温室 内粉虱种群数量有较好的抑制效果。定植时，清洁苗单株粉虱成虫量和底部老叶 若虫量分别为 0.20 头/株、0.43 头/叶，自育苗则高
3、达 1.13 头/株、1.93 头/叶。前期 及时清除底部老叶温室的单株粉虱成虫量分别为 0.11 头/株、0.16 头/株（11 月 15 日、12 月 2 日） ，对照为 0.83 头/株、1.97 头/株。设防虫网温室的单株粉虱成虫量 为 0.09 头/株（3 月 16 日） 、0.98 头/株（5 月 3 日） ，对照分别为 0.39 头/株、21.31 头/株。 3. 在益害比2:16:1范围内， 低益害比释放丽蚜小蜂亦可有效控制粉虱为害， 但其种群数量多维持在较高水平。年后 2:1 温室北面粉虱成虫为 6.36 头/株、7.76 头/株、8.43 头/株、10.21 头/株和 9.
4、79 头/株（4 月 15 日、4 月 29 日、5 月 16 日、 6 月 2 日和 6 月 15 日） ；4:1 温室为 15.44 头/株、8.06 头/株、9.56 头/株、11.32 头 /株、10.54 头/株；6:1 温室为 1.96 头/株、3.60 头/株、4.02 头/株、4.56 头/株和 5.37 头/株。 4.年前不放蜂、年后正常放蜂可有效控制粉虱为害。温室借助相关配套措施 和冬季低温，也能将粉虱数量控制在较低水平，年前（11 月 15 日、12 月 2 日、 12 月 17 日）和年后（3 月 1 日）温室北面粉虱成虫为 0.43 头/株、0.50 头/株、0.10
5、 头/株和 0.14 头/株，对照为 0.18 头/株、0.28 头/株、0.20 头/株和 0.38 头/株；放蜂 后（5 月 16 日、6 月 2 日和 6 月 15 日） ，北面粉虱成虫为 1.68 头/株、3.52 头/株 和 4.68 头/株，对照为 4.02 头/株、4.56 头/株、6.15 头/株。 5. 入冬前， 粉虱成虫水平上呈均匀随机分布； 春季后东西方向仍呈均匀分布， 南北向则呈北多南少；垂直水平上粉虱 23 龄若虫多分布在植株中上部。 综上，本文提出了“11贮存丽蚜小蜂蛹不超过 6d+安装防虫网+定植清洁 苗+前期及时清除底部老叶+益害比 2:1+年前不放蜂、年后正常
6、放蜂+蜂卡挂于 温室北面”的日光温室丽蚜小蜂应用技术规范，为完善以释放丽蚜小蜂为主的 温室白粉虱的可持续无害化综合治理技术体系提供了重要依据。 关键词：日光温室；丽蚜小蜂；白粉虱；应用技术 Research on the application techniques of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) in greenhouse Author: Wang Yubo Supervisor: Wei Guoshu Zheng Li Maior: Plant protection Abstract Whitefly is one of the most important pes
7、ts in greenhouse, which is mainly managed by chemical pesticide currently, but the excessive use of chemical pesticides always lead to environmental pollution, pest resistance and pesticide residual issues, that is why the research and application of the decisive technique that biological control pl
8、ays as core role becomes the hot subject and direction in current research. As one of the dominant parasitic natural enemies of whitefly, Encarsia formosa (Gahan) has the better field parasitic effect and vast application prospects. Considering all kinds of problems with the control of greenhouse wh
9、itefly by using E. formosa, including complicated techniques, high cost and volatile effect, we have studied the influence of storage time of pupae of E. formosa under low-temperature on their quality and release quantity in the field, the control efficiency to whiteflies of some measures, such as m
10、atched measures of its release, the ratio of parasite and host pest, no E. formosa release in the end of last year and so on. At the same time we have investigated the distribution rule of whitefly during the release. The main results are as follows: 1. During the storage temperature range of 1 30 d
11、ays under low-temperature of the pupae E. formosa, there were greater impact on the quality and release quantity, and it was better not more than 6d on 11. The emergence rate, fecundity and the first 3d eclosion progress of 6d storage time of E. formosa was 80.5%, 125.8 and 1.4%, the release quantit
12、y in the field should increase 19%. 2. Planted clean stocks, removed the old leaves at the bottom timely and installed the insect nets had better inhibitory effects on greenhouse whitefly populations. The whitefly adults on the clean stocks and nymphs on old leaves were 0.20 per plant and 0.43 per l
13、eaf respectively when planting, which were 1.13 per plant and 1.93 per leaf on the self-cultivate stocks. The whitefly adults were 0.11 per plant and 0.16 per plant (investigated on Nov. 15th, Dec. 2nd) in the greenhouse that old leaves at the bottom were removed timely, and with the control were 0.
14、83 per plant and 1.97 per plant. Greenhouse whitefly adults for that installed the insect nets were 0.09 per plant (investigated on Mar.16th) and 0.98 per plant (investigated on May 3rd), the control were 0.39 per plant and 21.31 per plant. 3.In the range of ratio of parasite and host pest between 2
15、:1 and 6:1, the release on lower good-harm ration of E. formosa can effectively control whitefly damage, but its population keep on a high level. In the north of greenhouse that the good-harm ration was 2:1, whitefly adults in next year (Apr.15th, Apr.29th, May 16th, Jun.2rd and Jun.15th) were as fo
16、llows: 6.36 per plant, 7.76 per plant, 8.43 per plant, 10.21 per plant and 9.79 per plant; in the greenhouses that ratio of parasite and host pest was 4:1, whitefly adults were 15.44 per plant, 8.06 per plant, 9.56 per plant, 11.32 per plant and 10.54 per plant; as well as the the good-harm ration was 6:1, the results are as follows: 1.96 per plant, 3.60 per plant, 4.02 per plant, 4.56 per plant and 5.37 per plant. 4.Do not release E. formosa (Gah
