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1、西北师范大学 硕士学位论文 大学英语词汇损耗及教学对策研究以伊犁师范学院为例 姓名：孙钰 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：课程与教学论 指导教师：蔡兰珍 2009-06 iv 摘 要 摘 要 英语词汇是构成英语语言的基础之一，也是当今大学生尤其是非英语专业大学生词汇学习普遍 存在“费时低效”的现象。然而过去词汇教学更多的是对二语习得中词汇习得方面的研究，却很少 把注意力投向它的反面-词汇损耗。那么面对日益凸显的词汇损耗问题，此研究将在词汇教学和学 习中发挥着无法估量的作用。 直到最近，1980 年在宾夕法尼亚大学召开的语言技能耗损会议上，语言损耗首次得以正式的认 可。 自此以后， 语言损耗这个术语被
2、普遍认为是 “个人或语言团体语言丢失或语言的部分损耗” (Freed, 1982, p1)，并且作为学术研究的领域，对于语言损耗的研究在国外已经非常流行。但是国内的学者 除了对西方研究结果及理论上的简单回顾，几乎没有任何实证性的研究。 本论文在词汇损耗及英语词汇教学策略的理论框架下，企图探索非英语专业大学生产出性和接 受性英语词汇知识以及动词和名词的损耗情况。本研究随意选择伊犁师范学院中文系已经过了四级 的 30 名大四学生为被试，以产出性和接受性测试卷（内含有动词和名词）为测量工具，来收集和分 析数据。至此笔者希望减缓词汇损耗的量及速度，找到更好的词汇教学策略从而提高词汇教学的有 效性。 调
3、查结果显示: 1）受试在 3 个月和 6 个月后不学习英语，词汇的数量总体上呈下降趋势，产出 性和接受性词汇知识的损耗量是明显的；而且产出性词汇知识比接受性词汇知识较易损耗；2）受试 终止英语词汇学习后，词类损耗也呈显著性。相比之下， 动词比名词更易损耗，然而在 6 个月末的 时候，名词的损耗量比动词要多。 基于该研究， 本论文就英语词汇教学过程中出现的问题指出了相应的对策,并就对非英语专业采 取的词汇教学及课程设置提出了一些建议，同时以期为语言习得研究提供新的视角。最后，本论文 客观分析了本研究的不足并指出了今后进一步研究的方向。 本论文共五章。第一章是对研究背景和研究目的及意义的简单介绍章
4、节。第二章对语言损耗领 域尤其是国外以及词汇损耗的简单的综述。在第三章里建立了本研究的理论框架。第四章解释了数 据收集的方式及分析的过程，并且呈现了与研究问题相关的数据分析结果。最后一章是对研究结果 的总结。然后讨论研究的教学启示，基于研究的有限性分析，并对进一步研究提出了一些建议。 关键词：关键词：词汇损耗;词汇教学策略; 产出性和接受性词汇知识；动词和名词 ii Abstract English vocabulary is one of the essential elements of English language, and vocabulary learning is also t
5、he “time consuming and inefficient” phenomenon ubiquitously for college students today, especially for non-English majors. However, in the past researches on vocabulary teaching and learning pay more attention to vocabulary acquisition in second language acquisition (SLA) and less to its reversal as
6、pects-lexical attrition. In face of the problems of increasing lexical attrition among non-English college students, its research will play an invaluable role in vocabulary teaching and learning. Until recently, it was first formally recognized at the conference on the Attrition of Language Skills a
7、t the University of Pennsylvania in 1980. Since then, the term “language attrition” has commonly been understood to refer to “the loss of any language or any portion of language by an individual or speech community” (Freed, 1982, p1), and the study of language attrition as a field of academic resear
8、ch has been very popular abroad. But in China, where none of scholars has reported any research into language attrition of Chinese students except for the simple review to the theory and research results of westerns. This paper aims to explore the attrition of the productive and receptive vocabulary
9、 as well as verbs and nouns of non-English majors within the theoretical framework of lexical attrition and English vocabulary teaching strategy. The present study randomly chose 30 seniors of the subjects who had passed CET4 in Chinese department in Yi Li Normal University by collecting and analyzi
10、ng the data from the instruments of productive and receptive test papers (containing verbs and nouns). Till then, the author hopes to reduce the amount and slow down the speed of lexical attrition, find out better vocabulary teaching strategy and improve the effectiveness of vocabulary teaching and
11、learning. The results show that: 1) after 3 and 6 months pause of English learning, the amount of vocabulary decreases on the whole and the amount of productive and receptive vocabulary knowledge attrition is significant; moreover, productive vocabulary knowledge is more easily lost than receptive v
12、ocabulary knowledge; 2) the attrition of word class is also remarkable after stopping English vocabulary learning and verbs is more easily attrited than nouns comparatively. However, at the end of 6 months, the amount of nouns attrition is more than verbs. Based on the results of the study, the pape
13、r proposes the corresponding solutions to the problems in the process of English vocabulary teaching and learning, and makes some suggestions for vocabulary teaching of college teachers and curriculum planning. At the same time, it expects to provide a new iii perspective for language acquisition re
14、search. Finally, some limitations and suggestions for further studies in this field are also pointed out. This thesis covers five chapters. It begins with an introductory chapter setting the background of the research. This chapter also clarifies the significance and the purpose of the study simply.
15、 Chapter two literature reviews give a brief account of the field of language attrition, especially in abroad as well as lexical attrition. Chapter three establishes the theoretical framework for the present study. Chapter four explains the ways that data are collected and procedures by which the da
16、ta are analyzed, and presents the results of data analyses in relation to research questions. Chapter five summarizes the results of study. Then it discusses pedagogical implications of the study. On the basis of an analysis of potential limitations in this study, suggestions for the further study will also be pointed out. Key words: Lexical Attrition; Vocabulary Teaching Strategy; Productive and Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge; Verb
