《“国家调节说”视野下的罗斯福“新政”》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《“国家调节说”视野下的罗斯福“新政”（40页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 “国家调节说”视野下的罗斯福“新政” 姓名：黑白 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：经济法学 指导教师：颜运秋 20080506 I 摘 要 在罗斯福“新政”实施以前，美国经济法体系缺乏完备性，仅具备谢尔曼 法 、 克莱顿法和联邦贸易委员会法构成的反垄断法律体系。 “新政”期 间颁布的一系列危机对策法， 使美国的经济法体系中新增了国家投资经营法和宏 观调控法内容，完善了美国经济法体系。比如， “新政”期间颁布的紧急救济 法和田纳西河流域管理局法等属于国家投资经营法；同时，罗斯福政府在 银行（特别是 1935 年银行法） 、货币、证券、税收、产业政策等方面作的许多规 定则极大地丰
2、富了美国的宏观调控法。 经济法学中的“国家调节说”认为，市场调节有三个局限性：市场障碍、唯 利性、被动性和滞后性。针对上述三个市场弊端，国家需要及时作出反应，有针 对性地从这三个方面进行国家调节和干预，于是出现了市场规制法、国家投资经 营法和宏观调控法。以“国家调节说”为视角， “新政”期间罗斯福政府在整顿 银行业和金融业、调整农业政策、复兴工业、公共工程和社会救济等四个方面颁 布的法案均可以归入 “国家调节说” 关于经济法的三个组成部分市场规制法、 国家投资经营法和宏观调控法。可见，“新政”与经济法具有契合性，从产生背 景而言，两者都是在所谓的“自由市场”无能为力的情况下，为了社会的全面协
3、调稳定，以“社会化”为本位产生的；从本质而言，“新政”的本质就是结束美 国一直以来“自由放任”的经济政策，为当时走投无路的美国探索并开辟出一条 通过国家直接干预经济来摆脱危机的新路子国家在非常时期干预经济， 这与 经济法的本质“国家调节社会经济之法”也是一致的；从价值取向而言， “新政” 中所颁布的一系列危机对策法，无论其具体内容指向经济生活的哪一个方面，究 其价值取向也是与公平、效率和秩序等经济法的价值取向一致的；从功能而言， “新政”在政治方面的功能主要体现的是经济法的稳定功能，其在经济方面的功 能主要体现的是经济法的发展功能，其社会功能则体现了经济法的协调功能，这 些具体的功能都能够在经
4、济法功能（保障国家调节，促进社会经济协调、稳定和 发展）中找到原生态的影子。 “新政” 无论是对于我国的经济法学研究还是经济立法都具有极佳的参考价 值。经济法学研究应立足于我国现实国情的需要，并且能指导解决实际问题，而 不能停留在纸面。首先要重视经济法与其他部门法的协同性，其次要以解决市场 经济发展实际问题为研究宗旨，最后要尊重历史、以史为鉴。在经济立法方面， “新政”期间做法可以为我国的金融立法、农业政策立法和反垄断立法带来许多 有益的借鉴。 关键词：经济法；国家调节说；罗斯福“新政” ；启示 II Abstract Before Roosevelts “New Deal”, the sys
5、tem of American economic law lacked completeness, it only had antimonopoly law system composed bySherman Act ， Clayton ActandFederal Trade Commission Law.During the period of Roosevelts “New Deal”, a series of crisis countermeasure law made the system of American economic law had state investment ma
6、nagement law and macroeconomic regulation and control law, consummated the system of American economic law. For example, Urgent Relief LawandTennessee River Basin Administrative Bureau Law are state investment management law, Roosevelt government did many stipulations in bank(especially In 1935 Bank
7、ing Law), currency, negotiable securities, tax revenue, industrial policy enriched American macroeconomic regulation and control law. The state regulation said of economical legal science considers that, the market regulation has three limitations: market barrier, only advantage, passivity and hyste
8、retic quality, so the state needs to make the response promptly, regulates and interments from the three aspects. So investment management law, macroeconomic regulation and control law, market rules and regulations law appeared. From the view of state regulation said, during the period of Roosevelts
9、 “New Deal”, the acts of reorganization banking industry and financial industry, adjustment agricultural policy, revival industry, public works and social relief may belong to the three parts of economic lawinvestment management law, macroeconomic regulation and control law, market rules and regulat
10、ions law. So, Roosevelts “New Deal” and economic law had the conjunction nature, from the backgrounds to say, they were born when “open market” helpless, they were stable for societys comprehensive coordinated, took “the socialization” as the standard. Says from the essence, the essence of “New Deal
11、” is ending the “laissez-faire” economic policy, opens the new pathway of getting rid of the crisis through the national direct intervention economy for the USCountry intervention economy in unusual period, its consistent from the essence of economic lawLaw of the state regulation social economy. Sa
12、ys from the value orientation, a series of crisis countermeasure law, regardless of its actual content direction economic life which aspect, the value orientation is consistent from economic law. Says from the function, the political aspect function of “New Deal” is stable function of III economic l
13、aw, the economical aspect function of “New Deal” is developed function of economic law, the social aspect function of “New Deal” is coordinated function of economic law, they can be found in economic law. Roosevelts “New Deal” has the extremely good reference value for economical legal science resea
14、rch and economic development. Economical legal science research should base in our country realistic national condition need, instruct solution actual problem, cant pauses in the paper surface. Firstly, take the economic rules and regulations and other departments method cooperatively. Secondly, tak
15、e solve the market economy development actual problem as the research objective. Thirdly, respect history, learns from history. In economic legislation aspect, the law made in the period of “new deal” can be beneficial models for our countrys financial legislation, the agricultural policy legislatio
16、n and the counter-monopoly legislation. Key words: Economic Law; State Regulation Theory; Roosevelts “New Deal”; Enlightenment 湘潭大学湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意 学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交
