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1、 句子的分类 句子按照其构成分为： 1 简单句_ 2 并列句_ He comes from the US and he likes China very much. 3 复合句_ He didnt come to school yesterday because he was badly ill. 五种基本句型 由并列连词将两个及以上的简单句连在一起 含有从句的句子 二简单句五种基本句型： 1 He arrived. 2 I like apples 3 He is a student. The food tastes good. 主语+谓语（vi) 主语+谓语(vt)+宾语 主语+系动词+表语
2、 常见系动词： be, sound, look, taste, smell, feel, keep, remain, stay,stand (empty), go, become ,get, prove 等 4 1) We call him Jim. 2) We should keep the classroom clean. 3) The teacher asked him to carry the books into the classroom. 5 He gave me a book.= He gave a book to me.注：He gave it to me. 主语+谓语+宾语
3、+宾补 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 复合宾语 双宾语 后常加双宾语的动词有：Show/offer/ envy/ teach/ buy/ make/get/own等 另外：祈使句和感叹句也属于简单句 Get up early. Please sit down. Dont be late. Lets go out. Let us wait outside. Do remember us. What interesting books they are! How interesting the books are! 1.概念： 并列句是由两个或两个 以上并列而又独立的简单句通过 并列连词连在一起。并列连
4、词后 的简单句被成为分句。 并列句 2.常见的并列连词： (1)表递进关系的有:_ _. He had plenty of money and he can spent it freely. (2)表转折关系的有：_ Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now. (3)表选择关系的有：_ Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident. and , not only but also, neithernor, not. but but, yet, where
5、as(而) or, otherwise, eitheror 四、复合句 1.概念：复合句又称主从复合句， 2.复合句分三类： _ _ _ _ 形容词性从句即定语从句 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句 副词性从句即状语从句 语法：并列句与状语从句 一、副词性从句即状语从句 概念及分类: 1.概念：在整个句子中作_ _ _称为状语从句。 （1）. I sent her back home. I sent her where she wanted to go. (前一句home作地点状语；后一句where she wanted to go作地点状语 ) 时间、地点、原因、 目的
6、、结果、条件、方式、比较、 让步状语的从句 （2）. All the students were sleeping soundly tonight. When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. (前一句tonight作时间状语；后一句When the fire broke out作时间状语 ) 2.九大类状语从句及连词： 状语语从句 分类类： 连词连词 时间时间 状语语 从句 As, when, whenever, no matter when, while, after , before, once, as
7、 soon as, directly/immediately /instantly, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen, the instant/the moment/the second/the minute, every time/each time, the first time/the second time, (ever) since, till/until, 地点状语语 从句 目的状语语 从句 原因状语语 从句 结结果状语语 从句 Where, wherever, everywhere, So that, in order that Becaus
8、e, as, for, since/ now that, for fear that So that, so that, such that, so, 条件状语语 从句 方式状语语 从句 If, if only但愿, only if只有，in case/ lest, as long as, as far as, unless, once, on condition that, on the assumption that, supposing that, provided that As, as if/ as though, the way 比较较状语语从 句 让让步状语语从 句 Than,
9、Asas, not soas., the 比较级, the 比较级 (more and more) Although, though, as, even if/ even though, whetheror, no matter what/how/where /when/who/=whatever/howev er/wherever/ whenever/whoever 二、时间状语从句注意事项 1. when, while 和as用法比较 1) When的用法 a .when表 当的时候+ _ 性动词 eg: When the fire broke out, all the students
10、were sleeping soundly When/ while all the students were sleeping soundly, the fire broke out. 延续 / 瞬时 b. when表_（表动作发生的突然性） be doing when be about to do when be on the point of doing when had (just) done when/before eg: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. c. when _ eg.It was foolish of yo
11、u to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes 表既然 这时 2）while 的用法 . a. while表_+ 延续性动词 eg. Father was preparing a report while I was playing a computer game. I want my girls to experience the life in Spain while they are young. 当的时候；趁的时候 b. while表_，引导让步状语从句， 从句常放在主句前 eg. While I am
12、 willing to help, I dont have much time. c. while表_ （并列连词）-两者对 比，或轻微转折 eg.He is tall while his twin brother is rather short. d.while表 _，引导条件 状语从句 There will be life while there is water and air. 尽管 而，然而 只要(同as long as) 3）as可表示从句和主句两个动作 同时进行，可译为 _ As the day went on, the weather got worse. “一边.一边”或“随
13、着” 即学即练：用when, while, as填空： How can he get good grades_ he wont study? I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop. _I was wandering through the street , I caught sight of a tailors shop. _he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. There were some chairs left over_ everyone had sat down. _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. when when when While While As 2.before和since的用法比较 1) before的用法 a. before表 _ eg. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. b. It_ _+before在 之前将
