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1、离子交换方法从镍的阳极电解液中分离铜 报告人：张学峰 参考文献：Removal of copper from nickel anode electrolyte through ion exchange 目 录 实 验 分 析 致 谢 结 论 摘 要 离子交换 离子交换 介 绍 离子交换概述 离子交换的机理是 离子交换树脂 离子交换的选择性 离子交换操作过程 离子交换概述 定义： 利用离子交换剂中的可交换基团与溶液中各种离子间的离子交换能力的不 同来进行分离的一种方法。 原理： 基于物质在固液相之间的分配。 离子交换概述 离子交换树脂的结构： 1、高分子部分树脂的主干，有一定的机械强度，不易溶解
2、 2、联结剂把整个骨架交联起来，使之具有三维空间的网状结构 3、官能团固定在树脂上的活性基团，在溶液中能够电离，产生游离的 可交换离子与溶液中的离子进行交换 离子交换概述 离子交换树脂的简单表示： 活性离子为阳离子，称为阳离子交换树脂，与阳离子发生交换； 活性离子为阴离子，称为阴离子交换树脂，与阴离子发生交换。 离子交换概述 离子交换层析原理： 离子交换层析（Ion Exchange Chromatography 简称为IEC）是以离子交换 剂为固定相，依据流动相 中的组分离子与交换剂上 的平衡离子进行可逆交换 时的结合力大小的差别而 进行分离的一种层析方 法。 离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂的分
3、类 离子交换树 脂 官能团 阳树脂， 酸性基团 阴树脂， 碱性基团 活性离子 氢型 羟型 盐型 阳离子交换树脂 阴离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂 表1. 四类不同树脂的比较 离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂的命名 代号分类类名称骨架名称 0强酸性本意思系 1弱酸性丙烯酸系 2强碱性酚醛系 3弱碱性环氧系 4螯合性乙烯哌（pai）啶系 5两性脲醛系 6氧化还原氯乙烯系 表2. 离子交换树脂分类代号和骨架代号 离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂的命名 X 凝胶型 交联度数值 顺序号 骨架代号 分类代号 离子交换树脂 离子交换树脂的命名 大孔型 顺序号 骨架代号 分类代号 大孔代号 D 离子交换树脂 离
4、子交换树脂的选择性 离子水化半径 离子化合价 溶液酸碱度 交联度，膨胀性 辅助力 有机溶剂 摘 要 摘 要 An novel method for removal of copper from nickel anodic electrolyte through ion exchange was studied after cupric deoxidization. Orthogonal design experiments show the optimum conditions of deoxidizing cupric into Cu+ in the nickel electrolyte a
5、re the reductive agent dosage is 4.5 times as the theoretic dosage and reaction time is 0.5 h at 40and pH 2.0. Ion exchange experiments show that the breakthrough capacity(Y) decreases with the increase of the linear flow rate(X): Y=1.5590.194X+0.0067X2. Breakthrough capacity increases with the incr
6、ease of the ratio of height to radius(RRH). The higher the initial copper concentration, the less the breakthrough capacity(BC). SO42- and nickel concentration have no obvious change during the process of sorption, so it is not necessary to worry about the loss of nickel during the sorption process.
7、 Desorption experiments show that copper desorption from the resin is made perfectly with NaCl solution added with 4% (volume fraction) H2O2 (30%) and more than 100 g/LCuCl2 solution is achieved. Key words: nickel anode electrolyte; copper removal; cupric deoxidization; anion ion exchange; breakthro
8、ugh capacity 介 绍 It is difficult to separate copper from nickel solution due to the certain similar chemical properties. Precipitation has been widely used to separate copper from nickel electrolyte based on the different characters of copper and nickel, and the method has been used widely for its s
9、implicity. Especially for sulfide precipitation process. Precipitation has been widely used to separate copper from nickel electrolyte based on the different characters of copper and nickel, and the method has been used widely for its simplicity. Especially for sulfide precipitation process. 介 绍 The
10、 anion exchange method in the hydrochloric acid solution has been applied for purification of Co, and the good results for separation of metallic impurities from cobalt chloride have been reported. Therefore, we may try to remove copper from anode nickel electrolyte with ion exchange. However, coppe
11、r and nickel mainly exist in the form of Cu2+and Ni2+ in the solution regardless of their complexes，with chlorine. So it is difficult to separate copper with cation resin exchange. And it cannot be satisfied with demands of production if anion resin exchange is simply used for copper treatment. The
12、anode nickel electrolyte must be dealt with before anion resin exchange is used. 介 绍 In this work, a reductive agent was added to reduce Cu2+ into Cu+, and Cu+ can become anion complexes with chlorine but it is difficult for nickel in the nickel electrolyte at Cl=7080 g/L. So nickel and Cu+ can be s
13、eparated with anion exchange. 实 验 实 验 试 剂材 料 实 验 步 骤 1、 2、 The initial nickel electrolyte solutions were placed in a 500 mL cell using a water bath circulator and were regulated at a certain pH with diluted NaOH or HCl. And then sodium sulfite was added and Cu2+ was reduced to Cu+. Finally, the solu
14、tions were poured into the column with 717# strongly basic anion exchange resin and copper could be absorbed into resin from the dealt nickel electrolyte solution. When the copper concentration of the outflow from the column arrived 3*10-6mol/L, the sorption must stop and the sorption capacity was d
15、efined as breakthrough capacity(BC). After sorption, washing the remnants in the column was needed and then desorption was made by NaCl solution with a small amount of H2O2 at low pH. Copper went into solution in the form of CuCl2 from resin. The resin can be regenerated and may be reused. The coppe
16、r concentration of the outflow solution was analyzed with an atom absorption spectrophotometer AAS 1 N (Zeiss Jena, Germany). 分 析 分 析 Deoxidization Deoxidization of cupric Orthogonal design experiment Effect of reductive agent dosage Sorption Effect of sorption speed on copper sorption RRH ratio on copper sorption Effect of initial copper concentration on BC Selectivity sorptio
