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1、English Literature English Literature in the 18in the 18th th Centry Centry Group 4 Group 4 Introduction 1.Enlightenment-Western Europe,18th a progressive intellectual movement the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism English enlighteners differ from those of France most English writers are
2、 enlighteners a .moderate group-moderate group-support the principles of the existing society (Alexander Pope,Joseph Addison,Richard Steele,Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson) b.radical group-radical group-struggle for a resolute democratisation(Jonathan Swift,Henry Fielding,Tobias Gorge Smollett,Ol
3、iver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan) 2.Literary Chariacteristics of the Age the mainthe main literary steam literary steam -realism-realism the main the main c charactersharacters of the works-common menof the works-common men concentrations-describe the daily lifeconcentrations-describe th
4、e daily life Literature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazines,Literature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazines, pamphlets)pamphlets) An age of An age of posepose-poetry was inadequate -poetry was inadequate (Addison,Steele,Swift and Fielding)(Addison,Steele,Swift and Fielding) Novel writing:common people
5、instead of kings Novel writing:common people instead of kings and noblesand nobles Writing device-Writing device-satire(Pope,Swift and Fielding)-satire(Pope,Swift and Fielding) 3.English Literature in the Three Stages of the Enligthenment a.the first period(Glorious Revolution -the end of the 1730s)
6、 neo-classicism in poetry(Alexander Pope) a new pose literature appeared-essays of Addison,Steele;the first realistic fiction of Defoe and Swift(major author) b.the second period(1740s-1750s,mature) novels of Richardson,Fielding and Smollett c.the third period(the last few decades of the 18th centur
7、y) new literary tendencies : sentimentalism -poetry(Edward Young and Thomas Gray) chiefly in novels(Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith) pre-romanticism-poetry(minor poets,William Blake and Robert Burns) the important dramatist-Richard Brinsley Sheridan( realistic playwright) Conlusion:literature o
8、f the 18th century-complex three general heads:the reign of neo-classicism the appearance of pre-romantic poetty the beginning of modern novels The three stages of the enlightenment the first period-the early period (from the glorious revolution to the end of the 1730s) Literature: Neo-Classicism Th
9、e third period-the last period (1760s-1800s) sentimentalism they observed the unities of time , place and action ; and poetry should follow the ancient divisions). Major figures of the Neo-Classical School * Alexander Pope(1688-1744) * Richard Steele and Joseph Addison * Samuel Johnson(1709-1784) *
10、James Boswell(1740-1795) Neo-Classicism Neo-Classicism Major figures Alexander Pope(1688-1744) A master of satire and heroic couplet ,and satiric and didactic verse. Works: An Essay on Criticism-heroic couplet He put forward his aesthetic theories in it and it is a comprehensive study of the theorie
11、s of literary criticism. The Rape of the Lock-mock-heroic poem An Essay on Man-heroic couplet The Dunciad-Popes famous satirical poem It shows the poets struggle against ignorance and barbarism as well as dullness and emptiness all around him. Influnce/Cnotribution: He exerted a strong influence upo
12、n the other writers of the age. He introduced the spirit of rationalism into English culture. The early 18th century has often been named as the Age of Pope. Neo-Classicism Major figures Richard Steele and Joseph Addison（The two names are often linked together in English literature because of their
13、joint literary woke. ） Works: The Tatler The paper became popular because it was just the sort of thing that suited the needs of the reading public among the bourgeoisie. The Spectator The most striking features of the paper are the character sketches of Mr Spectator and the other members of his clu
14、b,which become the forerunner of the modern English novel. Neo-Classicism Major figures Contribution: their writings in The Tatler and The Spectator provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie. The draw a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century. In their h
15、ands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and storytelling,they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel Samuel Johnson(1709-1784) Works: The Dictionary of the English Language The dictionary brought him much fame and it becam
16、e the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries. Lives of the Poets It consists of the biographies of 52 poets and provide some of the best-known pictures of the early English poets. Neo-Classicism Major figures James Boswell(1740-1795) He has been known for his biography of Johnson entitled The Life of Samuel Johnson,owing to which,he has been considered one of the best biog
