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1、专题05 形容词、副词精讲深剖真题速递单句语法填空1.(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied;【答案】poorly【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词studied,故用副词poorly。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为已经对北极熊的分布范围进行的研究还不够；2.(2019全国II卷)Her years of hard work have been (final)ac
2、knowledged after a customer nominated （提名）her to be Chelshires Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词acknowledged,故用副词finally。句意：在一位顾客提名她(提名)为切尔什尔年度最佳女性后，她多年的辛勤工作(最终)得到了认可。3.(2019全国III卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with
3、 visitors.【答案】hugely【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格后的popular 是形容词，应该被副词修饰，故填hugely。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中很受欢迎。4.(2018全国)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years (long) than non-runners.【答案】longer【解析】考查副词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。句意：根据医学杂志对证据的回顾，跑步者比非
4、跑步者活三年(长)。5.【变式探究】(2018全国)That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the (loud) of all.【答案】loudest【解析】考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的all可知要用最高级。6.(2018全国)Running is cheap，easy and its always (energy)【答案】energetic【解析】考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。7.(2018全国)A
5、 taste for meat is (actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.【答案】actually【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变副词。修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually。8.【变式探究】 (2017全国卷)Even _ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解析】even常用来修饰形容词的比较级，故答案为worse。类似的就是还
6、有：whats worse（更糟糕是），worse still（更糟糕的是）。9.【变式探究】 (2017全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.【答案】successful【解析】此处表示这些新开线路中最为成功的线路之一。设空位置在be动词was之后，且空前为the most，故用形容词successful。10.【变式探究】(2017全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carr
7、iages and it must have been _(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】fairly【解析】此处表示对于乘客来说是相当不愉快的。设空处位于形容词unpleasant之前，修饰形容词unpleasant应用fair的副词形式fairly，表示“相当地”。注意must have done“过去一定做了”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。单句改错1.（2019全国卷) From now on，I started to play football with classmates af
8、ter school. _【答案】now改成then【解析】考查副词。from then on，从那时起，一般接一般过去时。 与from now on 区别开来， from now on，从现在起，一般接一般将来时。根据后面的started用的是过去时态，句意为“从那时开始，放学后我开始和同学们踢足球”，故把now改成then。2.（2019全国II卷) First, I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly. _【答案】coolly改成cool【解析】考查形容词副词的相互转化。Look此处意为“看起来”，是系动词，其后解形
9、容词做表语，故把coolly改成cool。句意：首先，我想成为一名消防员，他的制服看起来很酷。3.（2019全国III卷) What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one._【答案】ordinarilyordinary【解析】本句中cafe 是名词，其前面应该用形容词来修饰，故把ordinarily改成ordinary。句意：我想要的不是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。4.(2018全国) I felt happily that their life had improved. _【答案】happi
10、lyhappy【解析】本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故将happily改为happy。5.【变式探究】(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. _【答案】earlierearly【解析】在做短文改错时，看到比较级要注意语境是否表示比较意义，本题由语境可知没有比较意义，故用副词原级。考生要注意early既可作形容词又可作副词。6.【举一反三】(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in th
11、e middle on the road. _【答案】suddenlysudden【解析】修饰名词stop应用形容词。注意与固定搭配come to a stop“停下”。类似的还有come to an end“结束”；come to a conclusion“得出结论，结束”。7.【变式探究】(2017全国卷)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. _【答案】去掉much【解析】此处为so.that.“如此以至于”结构。形容词前一般不用much修饰，除非是一些以a开头的作表语的形容词(al
12、ike，afraid，awake等)，much一般用于修饰形容词的比较级。考纲解读往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。知识梳理一、形容词和副词的基本构成和用法1.形容词和副词的基本构成(1)规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节词一般直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderharde
13、st意不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r和-stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾，且其前面只有一个元音的词，先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母加y”结尾的词，先把y变i再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他多音节和双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore careful
14、 most carefulpopularmore popularmost popularbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful(1)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelesslessfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest（指时间或空间上“最久的，最远的”)further(指看见距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指看见距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2形容词在句中的作用。词性作用例句形容词(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。There is a dead man in bed.床上有一个死人。He was lying in bed，dead.他躺在床上，死了。副词副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。Obvio
