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1、儿童行为抑制研究进展 汇报类容 一、概念界定 二、研究进展 三、具体研究 四、研究点评 五、同学提问与解答 一、概念界定 Kagen提出，个体的气质可分为行为抑制和非行为抑制两 种，行为的抑制和非抑制是气质的一个重要维度。行为抑 制会导致个体面对新异的或不熟悉的事件时产生带有警惕 和害怕象征的持续性的退缩和回避反应，并带有害羞、恐 惧和焦虑等消极情绪的气质类型（毕玉, 王建平, 杨智辉, 149 boys and 178 girls) had a mean age of 12.7 years (SD=0.6, range 1115 years, 99% of the adolescents w
2、as aged 1214 years). 最终，由于数据丢失和儿童没有参与教室的评估，共收集到 310名父母，297名青少年和280名父母青少年配对的数据。前少 年(N=327; 149 男生 和178 女生)的平均年龄在12.7岁(SD=0.6, 范 围 1115 岁, 99% 青少年的年龄在 1214 岁)。 2、2测量工具 BII contained eight items referring to shyness, communication, fearfulness, and smiling when meeting an unfamiliar child/adult. Items
3、are rated on four-point Likert scales with 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, and 4=always. After recoding positive items, scores are summed to yield a BIS child (range: 416), a BIS adult (range: 416), and a BIS total score (range: 832). The second part of the BII remained unchanged and asked children t
4、o classify themselves in one of the three behavioural inhibition categories (i.e. low, middle, or high). 第一部分的BII共包含8个项目，涉及到当面对不熟悉的儿童/承认时害羞、交 流、恐惧、微笑。采用李克特4计分，1 =没有,2 =有时,3 =经常、4 =总是。重新积 极的项目编码后,成绩总分产生BIS的儿童(范围:4-16),BIS的成年人(范围:4-16)和BIS 总分(范围:8-32)。的第二部分BII保持不变,问孩子将自己的三个行为抑制类别(即 低、中、高)。 The RCADS i
5、s an adaptation of the Spence Childrens Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997, 1998) and attempts to assess symptoms of DSM-defined anxiety disorders and major depression. RCADS是一个修订的适合测量儿童焦虑的量表(SCAS; Spence, 1997, 1998)，和试图去评估DSM定义的焦虑障碍和 主要抑郁症状。 The scale consists of 47 items that can be allocated to s
6、ix subscales: social phobia、panic disorder、major depressive disorder、separation anxiety disorder、generalised anxiety disorder、obsessive-compulsive disorder。 Items have to be scored on a four-point scale with 0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often, and 3=always. RCADS subscale scores and a total anxiety score
7、 can be obtained by summing across relevant items. 量表包含47个条目，分为6个维度：社会恐怖症（9个条目）、恐慌症（9个 条目）,重度抑郁症（10个条目）、分离焦虑症（7个条目）,一般性焦虑症（6 个条目）,强迫症-冲动障碍（6个条目）.问卷为四点量表（0-4），0 =不,1 = 有时,2 =经常,3 =总是。RCADS维度分数和总焦虑分的总和为相关项目的总 分。 Parent versions of BII and RCADS（父母版本的BII和 RCADS）The parent versions of the BII and the RC
8、ADS (i.e. BII-P and RCADS-P) were identical to the child versions of these measures, except that items/descriptions were rephrased in terms of the parents perspective. 父母版本的BII和RCADS是相对于儿童版本而言， 除了了项目用父母的视角来描述，其他一样。 3、结果 3、1General findings（一般发现） First, questionnaires were reliable in terms of intern
9、al consistency. That is, all Cronbachs alphaswere well above 0.60 (Table 1). 第一，所有问卷的内部一致性系数都高于0.6，是可信 的。(Table 1). Second, no substantial gender differences were found: girls reported somewhat higher levels of separation anxiety disorder symptoms than boys, means being 1.9 (SD=2.1) versus 1.4 (SD=1
10、.8) t(295)=2.0, P0.05, but when applying a Bonferroni correction this difference no longer attained statistical significance. 第二，没有发现实质的性别差异：女孩在一定程度 上要比男生在分离性焦虑上分要高1.9 (SD=2.1)VS 1.4 (SD=1.8)，t(295)=2.0, P0.05 ，但是用Bonferroni 矫 正后不再存在统计显著性。 Third, the age range of the adolescents was restricted (i.e.
11、 1115 years) and no meaningful correlations between age and behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety/depression were found. 第三，年龄的范围有限（1115岁），所有，发现年 龄和行为抑制和焦虑/抑郁症状没有显著相关。 3.2. Correspondence between child- and parent-reported behavioural inhibition（儿童-父母报告行为抑制之间的相 关） Correlations between child
12、- and parent-reported behavioural inhibition as indexed by the BIS were positive but modest, with rs between 0.44 and 0.49 (all Ps0.001; Table 1). 儿童-父母报告行为抑制之间的BIS指标为正相关但是 都是中度相关。相关系数在0.44-0.49 The percentage of agreement between child and parent with regard to the BI categories (low, middle, high)
13、 was 61.4%, with Cohens kappa being insufficient (p=0.32) and a modest Spearman rank correlation (r=0.42, P0.001). 儿童和父母关于BI的类别上的一致百分比数为61.4% ，Cohens kappa 并不充分(p=0.32)，也只有中度的 Spearman等级相关(r=0.42, P0.001) 3.3. Correspondence between child- and parent-reported anxiety and depression（儿童-父母报告焦虑和抑郁的一致 性
14、） social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder seemed to be somewhat higher than that for symptoms of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and to a lesser extent generalised anxiety disorder 社交恐惧症、分离焦虑障碍和抑郁的症状在一定程度上 高于恐慌症,强迫症-冲动障碍,一般性焦虑障碍处于次要 的。 Furthermore, pa
15、ired t-tests indicated that parents reported higher levels of social phobia and separation anxiety disorder symptoms for their children than children themselves。 而且，配对样本检验，发现父母报告要你孩子自己 报告更好水平的社会恐惧和分离性焦虑。 3.4. Relationships between child-reported behavioural inhibition and anxiety/depression（儿童报告行为抑制
16、和 焦虑/抑郁的关系） First, Pearson correlations were computed between the child version of the BIS and RCADS and RCADS-P scores 第一，皮尔逊相关分析来比较儿童版本的BIS 、 RCADS 和RCADS-P分数 Second, (multivariate) analyses of variance were carried out to compare the RCADS and RCADS-P scores of adolescents who classified themselves as either low, middle, or high on behavioural inhibition. 第二，分析比较RCADS 和RCADS-P对于低，中，高 行为抑制的被试 3.5. Relationships between parent-reported behavioural inhibition and anxiety/depres
