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1、南京财经大学 硕士学位论文 我国茶叶产业国际竞争力分析 姓名：郭东旭 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：国际贸易学 指导教师：宣烨 2010-01 I 摘 要 茶叶是我国传统的农作物和大宗的出口产品，长期以来，我国是世界主要的 茶叶生产国和出口国之一。茶叶发源于我国，并由我国流传至世界。我国茶域广 阔、劳动力丰富，茶树品种齐全，在茶叶的生产上具有得天独厚的优势。我国的 茶叶种植面积和产量相对稳定，一直以来居世界第一位，然而我国茶叶的贸易状 况却出现异乎寻常的变化。 茶叶市场经营秩序混乱； 出口茶叶存在质量安全问题， 屡屡遭受绿色贸易壁垒；茶叶出口遭受新兴产茶国，如斯里兰卡、肯尼亚和印度 的冲击。在这种
2、背景之下，本文以国际贸易理论和波特的竞争优势理论为理论基 础，通过与其他世界茶叶大国进行比较，探究我国茶叶产业的国际竞争力现状及 其直接和间接影响因素，提出了提升我国茶叶产业国际竞争力的对策建议。 首先，本文根据采集的数据，对 1997-2007 年世界及中国茶叶生产贸易状况 进行了大致的分析。在此期间，世界茶叶的生产和贸易金额及数量逐年增加，主 要的茶叶生产国和出口国也相对固定， 有斯里兰卡、 肯尼亚、 中国、 印度及印尼。 世界茶叶消费以红茶为主，而我国主要生产绿茶。本文采用国际市场占有率、 RCA 指数、 TC 指数及固定市场模型等四个指标， 进行计算和国际比较之后发现， 中国茶叶产业具
3、有较强的国际竞争力，但同其他世界产茶国相比，尤其是斯里兰 卡和肯尼亚，仍有较大的差距。 其次， 本文对茶叶产业国际竞争力的直接和间接影响因素进行分析及国际比 较。我国茶叶在价格上具有一定的竞争优势，但在 2002 年之后我国茶叶价格逐 年提高，与此同时茶叶质量指数也逐年提高。这与我国实施提高茶叶质量安全相 关的政策法规和技术措施密切相关， 当然也说明了我国出口茶叶的档次上了一个 台阶。但是我国茶叶单产水平还比较低，与其他世界产茶国存在一定的差距，这 与我国茶叶生产机械化程度低、分散化经营有关。此外，中国茶叶的基本生产要 素条件较其他世界主要产茶国来说具有一定的资源优势， 但高级生产要素上仍有
4、较大的改进余地，国内需求市场还有较大的扩展空间。茶叶经营企业规模化程度 较低，在企业经营观念、组织结构和管理模式上有待创新。与斯里兰卡和肯尼亚 相比，我国政府在茶叶产业的投入上还存在较大的差距，这也在一定程度上制约 了我国茶叶产业国际竞争力的提高。 最后，本文根据我国茶叶产业现存的问题，提出了相应的政策建议。依靠技 术创新，提高茶产品的市场竞争力，提高茶叶的质量和安全水平，积极应对绿色 贸易壁垒，推进茶叶品牌化，提高我国茶叶的世界声誉，推进茶叶规模化经营， 扶持和培育龙头企业，同时政府也要提供制度保障和财政支持。 关键词：茶叶产业；国际竞争力；竞争优势 II Abstract Tea is t
5、he traditional crops and the large amount export products of our country, in a long time, China is one of main production countries and export countries of tea in the world. Tea originated in China and spread to the world. In China tea territory is broad, the labor force is rich, and tea has variety
6、 of kinds. So China has the advantageous superiority in the tea production. Since a long time, tea planter area and the output of China has occupied first in the world. However the teas trade situation of China presents the unusual change. Tea market management disordered; the tea existences quality
7、 and security problem, and tea export suffers the green trade protectionism repeatedly; the tea export suffers impact of the emerging tea country, like Sri Lankan, Kenyan and India. Under this background, this article construct a framework about the index system and direct and indirect factors that
8、affect the international competitiveness to analyze the international competitiveness of the tea products in China, with the foundation of international trade theory and the industrial international competitiveness of Michael E. Porter, using the comparison analytic method, the factor analytic metho
9、d, the real diagnosis analytic method and so on. At the base of the international comparing, this article proposed the countermeasure suggestion to promote international competitiveness of Chinese tea industry. First, according to gathered data, this article carried on the approximate analysis on te
10、a production and trade situation of the world and China from 1997 to 2007. During those years, teas production and trade amount and quantity of the world increase year by year. The main tea producer and the export country are fixed, as Sri Lanka, Kenya, China, India and Indonesia. Black tea is popul
11、ar in the world, while our country mainly product green tea. After carrying on the computation and the international comparison using the international market percentage, the RCA index, the TC index and the fixed market model and so on four targets, this article discovered that the Chinese tea indus
12、try has the strong international competitiveness, but comparing with other tea countries, particularly Sri Lanka and Kenya, still has the big disparity. Next, this article direct and the indirect influence factor carries on the analysis and the international comparison to the tea industry internatio
13、nal competitiveness. Our country tea has certain competitive advantage in the price, but after 2002 our country tea price enhances year by year, at the same time the tea performance figure also year III by year enhances. This implements with our country enhances the tea quality safe related policies
14、 and regulations and the technical measure is closely related, certainly also explained our country the export tea in the scale a stair. But our country tea per unit area yield level is also quite low, produces tea country existence certain disparity with other worlds, this is low with our country t
15、ea production mechanization degree, the decentralized management concerns. Finally, this article puts forward the corresponding policy proposal according to our country tea industry extant question, The dependence technological innovation, enhances the tea product the market competitiveness, enhance
16、s the tea the quality and the safety level, deals with the green trade protectionism positively, the advancement tea brand, enhances our country tea the world prestige, the advancement tea formalization management, the support and the cultivation Leading enterprise, simultaneously the government must provide the system safeguard and the financial support. KEYWORD：tea industry international competitiveness competitive advantage 学位论文独创性声明学位论文独创性声明 本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。 论文中除 了特别加以标注和致谢的地
