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1、河北大学 硕士学位论文 我国女性平等就业权法律问题探讨 姓名：张茜 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：法律硕士（法学） 指导教师：刘晓蜜 2011-06 摘 要 I 摘 要 人人平等是人类历史进程中追求的最终目标。女性作为社会发展的重要力量，在历 史潮流中起到积极的作用， 而女性平等就业状况在一定程度上又反映了一个国家人权的 发展水平及程度。目前，我国制定了一系列法律法规来保护女性的平等就业权，但是在 现实的就业市场中女性遭受的就业歧视问题却愈显突出。平等权是人权的基本内容，而 女性平等就业权是女性生存权和发展权的基础。女性只有获得平等就业的权利，才能获 得更高的社会地位，实现社会的全面发展。 本文以
2、女性平等就业权的人权价值作为理论支点。人权是人应当享有的权利，女性 平等就业权的理论基础是生存权。生存权是一切权利的基础，在生存权语境中研究女性 平等就业权是对权利平等的超越。文章通过对国内外立法概况的阐述，综合评价立法的 相关内容，为建立我国女性平等就业体系奠定基础。国际劳工组织的1958 年消除就业 和歧视歧视公约和联合国消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约是对女性平等就业最基本 的规定。针对我国女性就业现状分析女性平等就业权实现的障碍，找出产生就业歧视问 题的深层次原因，主要是受生理因素、经济因素、社会因素、历史文化因素及法律制度 的影响。最后借鉴国外有关平等就业立法的相关经验，完善我国女性平等就
3、业制度。在 立法上，完备现有法律法规、制定反就业歧视法和完善社会保障制度。现有法律法 规主要包括宪法 、 劳动法 、 妇女权益保障法 、 就业促进法等相关法律； 反 就业歧视法要明确就业歧视的内容、限制就业歧视、制定保护措施和规定例外情形； 社会保障制度从婚姻生育权和受教育权两方面保障。在执法上，设立专门的执法机构并 突出执法监督的内容。在司法上，扩大民事诉讼受案范围，将就业歧视纳入劳动争议的 范畴。在法律监督上，国家机关针对用工企业的招工过程进行监督，并对一些招录女性 的企业予以一定优惠政策。例如，减免税收。媒体要客观公正的评价女性，多树立成功 女性的形象。企业要强化社会责任，正确处理用工自
4、主权与平等就业两者间的关系。女 性自身要提高综合素质，有自尊、自强的信念，用工作业绩证明自己的能力，来赢得社 会的认可。相信随着人们对女性平等就业的关注，对社会正义的实现有着积极地理论意 义与现实意义。 关键词 女性 平等就业权 制度 完善 Abstract II Abstract Everyone equal is in the process of human history pursuit of ultimate goal.Women as social development, an important force in the historical trend plays a pos
5、itive role in the female equal employment status,and to a certain extent and reflect a nation the development level and degree of human rights. At present, our country established some column laws and regulations to protect womens right of equality employment, but in reality of employment market in
6、employment discrimination against women to suffer from problems still more distinctively. Equality is the basic content of human rights, while women are equal right to employment are women rights to subsistence and development foundation. Women get equal employment rights only, can obtain higher soc
7、ial status, realize the all-round development of society. This paper with the female equal right to employment rights value as the theoretical fulcrum. Human rights is people should enjoy rights, the female equal right to employment is based on the theory of life. All rights to subsistence is based,
8、 in the context of subsistence studies women equal right to employment is to transcend the equality of rights. Based on the general situation of domestic and foreign legislation, comprehensive evaluation of this legislation related content, for establishing the female equal employment system lay the
9、 foundation. International Labour organization of the 1958 eliminating jobs and discrimination discrimination convention and the United Nations convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women for women convention is the most basic equal employment regulation. According to
10、analysis of the status of women in female employment equal right to employment, find out the obstacles produced realize employment discrimination against the deep reason, the main problem is influenced by physiology, economic factor, social factor, historical and cultural factors and the influence o
11、f the legal system. Finally the reference of foreign relevant equal employment legislation related experience, consummates our country women equal employment system. In legislation, complete the existing laws and regulations, formulate the employment discrimination act “and perfect social security s
12、ystem. Existing laws and regulations mainly includes the constitution, the labor law and the protection of womens rights, the employment promotion law “and other relevant laws; “The employment discrimination act“ want to clear the contents of employment discrimination, restrict Abstract III employme
13、nt discrimination, formulating protection measures and regulations exceptions; The social security system from marriage education reproductive rights and two aspects of security. In law enforcement, a special law enforcement agencies and prominent law enforcement surveillance content. In judicial, e
14、xpand the scope of accepting civil litigation, employment discrimination labor dispute category. Into In the legal supervision, state organs according to hire process of accepting enterprise supervision, and to give employers some policies. For example, tax cuts. Media should be objective and fair e
15、valuation women, much the image of successful women set. Enterprise must strengthen the social responsibility, dealing with both employers and the relationship between the equal employment. Women themselves to improve overall quality, self-esteem, self-improvement beliefs, with work performance, pro
16、ve their ability to win recognized by the society. Believe that the people of female equal employment attention, to the realization of social justice has actively theoretical meaning and realistic significance. Key words: Woman Equal right to employment system complete 引 言 1 引 言 劳动是人类谋生的手段。现实生活中，人们把劳动作为融入社会的一种方式。在获 得劳动机会后，稳定的从事于某种社会活动，在工作过程中，人们通过其所从事的社会 活动来实现社会价值和自我价值。因此，工作成为社会稳定的一个关键因素，而就业又 承载了保障基本人权即生存权和发展权的特殊功能， 是一个人走向自由与平等的必由之 路。就业是一项综合性的权利，它具有经济性、社会性和政治性，受各种因素的影响和 制约。目
