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1、高考英语翻译技巧讲解1、 考点分析 高考英语翻译题要求考生根据括号里所提示的单词将句子从汉语译成英语。 测试目标：翻译题主要考查考生对词汇，语法和句型结构的综合运用能力。命题走向：翻译题不仅考查考生对所学英语基础知识的掌握程度，而且还要在一定程度上考查考生对中英两种语言表达差异的敏感性，要求考生将汉语的意思用符合英语语言习惯的句子表达出来。2、 专题详解知识点翻译步骤：看括号 定时态 抓主干 添枝叶1. 直译和意译 直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。1注意逻辑主语的变化。1) 他的话让我忍俊不禁。I couldnt help laugh
2、ing at what he had said.2) 那个国家又发生地震了。Another earthquake broke out in that country. 3) 要注意的随词汇改变语序的词还有take place, happen, appear, exist, occur, spring up 比如：It suddenly occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his driving license.Lots of bars have sprung up in the streets of Shanghai.4) 你不可能独立完
3、成任务。It is impossible for you to complete the task alone. 2. 适当加和减词1) 我爸爸是老师，在重点中学教书。My father is a teacher and teaches in a middle school.2) 每天早晨妈妈是全家第一个起床的人。Every morning Mum is the first to get up in the family.3) 这是妈妈告诉我的。This is what Mum told me.4) 门突然打开，进来了一位陌生人。The door opened suddenly and in
4、came a stranger.5) 他的包被抢了He was robbed of his bag.6) 他抓住了小偷的胳膊。He held the thief by the arm.7) 他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。Though he has retired, he still cares about the companys business.3. 语序的变化1. 所有出席会议的人都拿到一张电影票。All those present at the meeting got a film ticket.2. 我认为你找不到你的自行车了。I don t think you can fi
5、nd your bicycle. I think/believe/suppose 3. 你认为我该去哪里买药？Where do you think I should go to buy the medicine?4. 他越说越激动The more he said, the more excited he became. 5. 我们就是在那家餐厅认识的。（It wasthat）It was in that restaurant that we got to know each other.4. 词性的合理变化1. 这家超市能买到各种床上用品。Bed clothes of all kinds ar
6、e available at this supermarket. (adj.)2. 每年都有很多物种灭绝。Every year many species of animals become extinct(adj.) 3. 我们都非常赞成你的提议。We are all in favor of your proposal. (prep.)4. 因为缺钱，他不得不推迟度假。Because of lack of money, he had to put off his vacation. (n.)5. 学生不能进教师阅览室。Students have no access to the teacher
7、s reading room. (n.)三、高考英语翻译题常设考点（一） 时态语态（二） 以“it”用法为主的考点（三） 以动名词做主语的考点（四） 以从句为主的考点（五） 以倒装句型为主的考点（六） 以动词或动词短语为主的考点（七） 以常见句型结构为主的考点（八） 以成语（谚语）为主的考点（一）时态语态翻译中时态的把握1所给汉语句中如有明确的时间状语，可以作为时态判断的依据。当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist / travele
8、r (for help).在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)In the past few years, this factory has substituted plastic for wood in order to reduce the cost.2. 有些汉语句中没有明确时间状语，但是可以从句子结构，特别是括号内所给的连接词来判断动词时态。请尽早作出决定，不然你会错失良机 (or)Please make your decision quickly, or you will miss the good chance.你一旦养成坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。
9、(once) Once you form / get into a bad habit, its very difficult to get rid of/ get out of it.如果队员们不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。(unless)Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match / final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation / cooperate well with each other
10、.3. 描述客观现象，表达观点或愿望，得出结论的句子大都用表示现在的各种时态。小组讨论有助于更好的理解课文。 (help)Group discussion helps to understand the text better.我希望尽快收到你的照片。I hope that I can receive your photos as soon as possible.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。（good）Eating more vegetables and fruits does good to ones health. . .4 如果译文是复合句，要注意主从时态一致。物理课上他没听懂王教授所讲的
11、内容。 (fail)In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.5. 翻译中有些动词要根据具体情况选用相应时态，有些时候一般现在时和一般过去式皆可以。不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天(put off) However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow. However late it was, he never put off what he could do th
12、e day till the next day.翻译中的语态1有些所给汉语中没有明确的“被 ”，但翻译中宜用被动。比如不强调动词的实施者。应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(encourage)Students should be encourage to apply what they have learned in class to practice.2. 有些主动被动都可以。在大城市迷路没有关系，警察会给你指路的。It doesnt matter if you lose your way / get lost in a big city, for a policeman wi
13、ll show you the way.小偷活该受到惩罚。Thieves deserve severe punishment. / Thieves deserve to be. severely punished:3. 注意非谓语以及其他特殊的用法比如easy 和difficult 用法。他这人很容易相处。He is very easy to get along with.你这样穿着很容易感冒。You will easily catch a cold if you are dressed like this.有些汉语没有主语或者主语模糊。1有些汉语句子的主语是“人们 ”， “大家 ”可以避开也
14、可以直译。人们相信好书如益友 (equal) 。Its believed that a good book is equal to a good friend.2有些汉语虽然没有给明确主语，但能从汉语特点翻译。不努力则一事无成。(achieve)Nothing can be achieved without efforts. You/We/One can achieve nothing if you / we dont / he doesnt work hard.不到长城非好汉。One who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3.
15、 有些主语是人，但译成英语注意用法。如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(convenient)If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.4. 有些没有明确主语，可以根据固定搭配译成英语比如“据说/ 据报道/ 据我所知 ”的翻译。据报道，那歌声又遭受台风的袭击。(report)Its reported that a typhoon struck that province again.（二）以“it”用法为主的考点1、it作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 常见句型：It代替不定式作主语，常用句式有：It+ be+名词
