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1、1,讲义汇总复习 主讲人：徐剑平,2,汉译英注意事项,1. 完整看完一个有句号的中文句子，分析其结构 2. 英语有主次之分即：主句和从句 3. 英语从属信息引导手段：关系词，介词，分词，不定式 4. 翻译好后检查：是否有英文结构？自己翻译的是否和中文句式前后顺序一致？ 5. 翻译的英文句子数量应比中文句子数量少。 6. 中文一个句子的开头和结尾很重要，中间一般都是从属信息 7. 英语强调的是主语，主句，主动词，所以看中文句子时应思考：谁是英文的主语，主句，主动词 8. 英语多后置定语，中文多前置定语,3,科技文体一般特征,1. 无人称(impersonal) 2. 语气正式（formal） 3
2、. 陈述客观，准确(objective, accurate) 4. 语言规范（standard in language） 5. 逻辑性强（strict in logic） 6. 专业术语性强,4,确定主句 人类为了保持体力智力（physical and intellectual）的勃勃生机(vitality) 而不得不节制数量，迎接污染的挑战，这已不是遥远的将来。 The future is not far off when man has to control his numbers and meet the challenges of pollution so as to sustain
3、his physical and intellectual vitality. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.,5,确定用英文结
4、构 关于这方面国内外研究者们很少去关注它 It never occurred to researchers that little attention was paid to it. 也许有些人很可恶（wicked），有些人很卑鄙（despicable）。而当我设身为他想象的时候，我才知道：他比我还可怜。所以请原谅所有你见过的人，好人或者坏人 Some may be wicked, and others may be despicable. Only when I put myself in his position did I know he is more miserable than I
5、. So forgive all that you have met, no matter what kind of persons they are.,6,中文动词很多，但是英语一个句子，即使再长，也有一个谓语动词，其他动词都做非谓语动词。 孩子们围坐在桌旁，瞪着眼睛听他们的爷爷讲他所经历的事 Sitting around the table, the children listened to their grandpas story with their eyes widely open. 直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。 A direct current is a current
6、flowing always along the same direction.,7,热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。 Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise. 如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。 A body can move uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion. 振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波 Vibrating objects produce sound wa
7、ves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.,8,确定主语,我给你打国际直拨就和给楼下的Tom带电话差不多，一拨就通 An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to Tom downstairs 向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。 The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.,9,定语处理问题,产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。 The heat pr
8、oduced is equal to the electrical energy wasted. The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level. 向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。 在施工过程中，常会出现需要改变设计的问题 During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.,10,总之，汉译英，翻译质量如何： 取决于是否用英文的语言特征和习惯表述方式 是否拜托了汉语习惯的
9、影响 建议：平时多看英汉对照的资料,11,英译汉,1. 理解+表述=翻译 2. 不要拘泥于英语先后结构，英语从属有关系词，分词，不定式，介词引导。表述时是否可以优先考虑英语从属信息。记住：谁从属于谁，谁提到谁前面/如果从属信息过长， 另起一句 problem to be analyzed / .radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 3. 句子中单词取义须要根据上下文，切记不要单凭记忆,12,In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force
10、and distant that are multiplied（乘） must be in the same direction. 在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿着同一方向，始终记住这一点是很重要的。 Every body continues in its state of rest or uniformed motion in a straight line, unless acted upon（作用） by an external force. 物体如果不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速直线运动。,13,Matter is anything having weight
11、and occupying space. 凡是有重量和占据一定空间的，都是物质。 What is large and what is small is relative. 大和小是相对的。,14,翻译过程,理解阶段 结合上下文，推敲词义-辨明语法，弄清关系-理解原文所涉及到的事物 表述阶段 直译+意译,15,词义理解和把握 Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys(滑轮) 利用大小皮带轮可以获得不同的速度 辨别语法，弄清关系 As friction manifests itself as a res
12、istance that opposes motion, it is usually considered as a nuisance(厌恶) 摩擦是运动的阻力，因此常被人看成讨厌的东西,16,But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources
13、and reserves of these materials. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental function is a drug,17,The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable，its realization being supported with all the achievements of contemporary science，which have
14、brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well. 现代科学的一切成就不仅是提供了能够承受高温高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺过程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，我们相信完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星,18,总之，英译汉质量如何： 1. 看是否符合汉语表述习惯 These three colors ,red ,green ,and vi
15、olet ,when combined,produced white . Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 2. 不要硬译，死译，过多直译,19,各种从句的翻译,同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句 宾语从句,20,同位语从句的翻译,21,同位语，有词组，有句子, 抽象概念表述不清楚时，用同位语继续阐述,We should cherish today, the hope of tomorrow. Each of us should have dreams, the sourc
16、e of happiness. An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter . But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.,22,II. Translation Skills,先翻译从句,即从句前置 -引导词过长情况下 This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty(主权) doesnt a
