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1、摘 要作为水资源大国，合理利用水资源成为现在面临的一个严峻问题。因此，应用新技术，实时监控水库水位，有利于更好地对水资源进行调度和管理。经过近几十年的发展，水位监控系统由原来的人工目视手动监控发展到如今的基于单片机自动控制，这对于水位监控不仅是从技术上解决人工监控的误差，更有利于对水资源的合理利用和节约用水。单片机技术越来越成熟，现如今单片机更是向着高度集成、低功耗、低价格、处理速度高等方向发展，因而越来越多的水位监控系统采用单片机来控制，这种系统具有成本低、可靠性高、易于操作、维护简单方便等特点，一般大量应用于大型的水库以及工业生产。水位监系统的设计理念是适合大众使用，体积相对小，功能齐全，
2、操作简单，交互界面人性化，能实现不间断的水位监控，以及对所测水位信息进行实时显示、远距离传送和高低水位上下限的报警，同时对相应的水泵电机进行相应的控制，真正实现节约水资源。水位监控系统的设计方案,主要采用STC89C52单片机作为系统的核心控制部件，采用TLC1549采集水位信息并进行模数转换处理，利用LCD12232液晶显示水位信息，通过VB编写上位机监控程序，从而实现上位机与水位监控系统进行信息交换。水位监控系统的硬件系统包含电源、振荡、复位、下载、键盘、显示、时钟、串行通信、模数转换、模拟水位、报警、电机等模块,利用电子绘图软件进行原理图、PCB图的绘制，并完成了硬件系统实物的制作。软件
3、系统包含监控等各个模块的模块化程序。通过硬、软件系统的联调、测试，该水位监控系统的功能和性能指标完全符合设计任务书的要求。据初步测算，系统成本远远低于市场所售其它同类产品，而且该系统具有应用范围广、操作简单、可靠性高等优点，具有一定的推广价值。关键词 ：水位监控；单片机；串行通信；VBIABSTRACTOur country is a rich country of water resources, rational use of water resources has become a serious problem our country has to face. Therefore, a
4、pplying new technologies to monitor reservoirs levels in real-time is conducive to better scheduling and the management of water resources. After decades of developments, the waters level monitoring system has developed from the original artificial manual monitoring in eyes to the today s automatic
5、control based on microcontroller, which is not only solve the errors of manual monitoring in technical for water level monitoring, but also more conducive to the rational use of water and the conservation of water.SCM technology becomes more mature. And now it is developing to the direction of high
6、integrated single-chip, low-power, low-cost, high processing speed. Thus more and more water levels monitoring systems are using the microcontroller to control. This system is low cost, high reliability, easy operation, easy maintenance, etc.So it is generally used in large reservoirs and industrial
7、 production.The design of water levels monitoring system is suitable for public use. The volume is relatively small, and its full-featured, easy to operate, user-friendly inter face. It can achieve continuous water levels monitoring, as well as real-time display of the measured water level informati
8、on, long-distance transmission and the alarm of the lower and the higher level, while control the corresponding pump motor, in order to save water resources in real.The design of the water level monitoring system mainly use STC89C52 microcontroller as the core of the system control unit, and use TLC
9、1549 to gather levels information and analog to digital conversion process, use LCD12232 LCD display water level information. According to VB for compiling monitoring program, it can achieve the information exchange between PC and water levels monitoring system.The hardware system of the water level
10、s monitoring system includes a power supply, oscillation, reset, download, keyboard, display, clock, serial communication, analog to digital conversion, analogs level, alarms, motors and other modules. Using the electronic drawing software can draw the schematics, PCB map, and complete the IIphysica
11、l hardware production. Modular software system contains various modules monitoring.Through the alignment and testing of hardware and software systems, the function and performance of the water levels monitoring system is fully consistent with the requirements of the design specification. According t
12、o preliminary estimates, the systems costs is far less than to other similar products in the market for sale. And the system has wide range of applications, simple operation, high reliability. It has some promotional value.Key words water level monitoring；mcu；serial communication；vb III目 录1 绪论11.1 课
13、题的背景及意义11.2 设计的主要工作22 设计思想与方案32.1 设计思想32.2 设计方案33 硬件系统的设计53.1 主要元器件介绍53.1.1 STC89C52单片机53.1.2 TLC1549模数转换芯片53.1.3 DS1302时钟芯片63.1.4 LCD12232液晶显示屏73.1.5 直流电机驱动模块83.1.6 蜂鸣器83.1.7 MAX232芯片93.1.8 DAC8512数模转换芯片93.1.9 WT588D语音模块103.2 硬件单元电路的设计113.2.1 STC89C52单片机最小系统113.2.2 下载电路123.2.3 键盘模块电路123.2.4 蜂鸣器报警电路
14、133.2.5 液晶显示模块电路133.2.6 DS1302时钟电路143.2.7 数模转换模块电路143.2.8 模拟水位及模数转换模块电路153.2.9 通信模块电路153.2.10 语音报警模块电路163.2.11 LED电路17IV3.2.12 拨动开关电路174 软件系统的设计184.1 软件设计的描述184.2 系统软件的程序设计184.2.1 系统监控程序设计184.2.2 键盘模块程序设计184.2.3 液晶显示模块程序设计194.2.4 DS1302时钟程序设计194.2.5 报警模块程序设计204.2.6 模数转换模块程序设计204.2.7 通信模块程序设计214.2.8
15、数模转换模块程序设计224.2.9 语音模块程序设计224.2.10 VB上位机设计234.2.11 水位算法设计235 系统调试运行及结果分析245.1 系统使用说明245.2 系统运行结果245.2.1 密码输入245.2.2 水位信息状态显示255.2.3 当前日期显示255.2.4 水位上下限的修改265.2.5 报警开关265.2.6 密码修改275.2.7 调节水位的反映275.2.8 上位机监控功能295.3 设计课题的误差及缺陷分析325.4 设计体会32结束语33参考文献34致 谢37V附 录38附录A 元件清单38附录B 实物图39附录C 程序清单40VI1 绪论 1.1 课题的背景及意义在工、农业生产中，大型的水库、水箱是工业和农业生产中重要的蓄水工具，对水位进行有效的实时监控、可靠控制直接关系到工厂生产的效率以及农业生产的质量，同时也影响其生产的安全1。在以前，对水库和水箱的控制一般是基于人工进行控制的，由于人工操作存在不及时
