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1、名词李仕才基础保分篇第一讲名词第一课时知识过关课1.不可数名词与可数名词的转化(1)表示种类时：various fruits(各种水果)。(2)表示“一场/段/件”时：a timely rain(一场及时雨)。(3)表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea，coffee，beer等：two beers(两杯啤酒)。(4)表示不同意思时：room房间(可数)；余地，空间(不可数)。注意有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词，可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如：fun，housework，homework，advice，information，news，progress，eq
2、uipment，furniture，baggage/luggage，jewellery，machinery等。2.抽象名词具体化表示某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的抽象名词，可以具体化为可数名词，表示这样的“人或物”。常见的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情prid
3、e骄傲令人骄傲的事或人3.具体名词抽象化具体名词可以部分丧失其一般意义，具有抽象名词的特征，因此无单复数形式。(1)by后跟表示交通工具一类的名词，名词抽象化表概念，名词前无限定词，也不用复数；否则要用相应的介词。如：by bus/car/train/bikeon a bus/in a car/on the train等。(2)在go to school/church/hospital和at school, in prison等短语中，名词抽象化表示概念。4.ofuse/value/help/difference/importance/benefit等某些抽象名词，其含义相当于对应的形容词us
4、eful，valuable，helpful，different，important，beneficial在句中可作定语、表语、补语等。The book is of great use.(The book is very useful.)这本书很有用。(表语)This is a book of great use.这是一本非常有用的书。(定语)I find the book of great use.我觉得这本书非常有用。(宾补)5.名词前的修饰语。(1)several，(a) few，many，many a，a great/good many，a large number of，scores
5、of，dozens of等只能修饰可数名词；除many a后接单数可数名词外，其余要接复数名词。(2)a bit of，(a) little(少)，much，a great deal of，a large amount of等只能修饰不可数名词。(3)some，any，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，a large quantity of，quantities of，masses of等既可修饰可数名词的复数，也可修饰不可数名词。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体之名词的类别。Born on August 23, 1988 in America1, Jerem
6、y_ShuHow_Lin2 is a_professional_basketball3 player4 with the_Huston_Rockets_of5 the_National_Basketball_Association6 (NBA). But, to some degree, many Chinese fans7 and coaches8 take him as a_Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him as a_Chinese9 just because he has a typical Chinese face a
7、nd his_parents10 were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a_success11 and attracted the_worlds12 attention, which gives Chinese people13 a lot of imagination14 and pride. As we know, in_most_peoples_eyes15, Jeremy is a_miracle16.In June, 2012, when Jeremy took his_third_trip17 to China, a
8、large crowd came to meet him，among whom there were various fans including some families18，some children19 and even some women_players20. They brought cameras21 to take photos22 with their idol. Jeremy had fun23 with his supporters and expected to come back again.1.专有名词表示地点，第一个字母要大写。2.专有名词表示人名。3.名词作定
9、语，修饰另一名词。又如a book store。4.表示职业或职位的单数可数名词player作表语，前面用不定冠词，表示“一个”。5. 因the Huston Rockets和the National Basketball Association都是由普通名词构成的专有名词；of the National Basketball Association是名词所有格，因无生命的东西的名词所有格一般用“of名词”表示，又如：the cover of the book(书的封面)。6.专有名词表示事物，这里指美国职业篮球联盟，常缩写为NBA。7.fans为fan的复数形式，可数名词的复数形式一般在后面
10、直接加s。8.coaches为coach的复数形式，以s，x，sh，ch结尾的可数名词，复数形式加es。又如boxes，dishes，buses等。9.句中a Chinese是名词作补语。Chinese指中国人，这里为单数；但它的复数与单数同形，类似的单词有deer，sheep，fish，aircraft，means，works，Japanese等。10.“形容词性物主代词名词”表示“某人的”。11.这里的a success为抽象名词具体化，指“一个成功人士”。12.有生命的人或物的所有格，一般用“名词s”表示。又如the teachers name。13.people为集体名词，表示复数意义
11、。又如police，class，group等。14.不可数名词imagination作宾语，在a lot of，some，any等限定词后面通常接名词。15.名词eyes作介词in的宾语。16.在冠词(a，an，the)后通常应有名词。17.在序数词后通常加名词。18 families为family的复数形式，以辅音字母加y结尾的名词复数形式是变y为i再加es。又如countrycountries。19.children为child的复数形式，属于不规则变化。又如oxoxen。20.man或woman两个词作定语时，其单、复数与所修饰的名词的单、复数一致。又如three men teacher
12、s。21.个体名词，表示某类人或东西中的个体。又如computer。22.photos为photo的复数形式，以o结尾的词一般加s。在中学英语里，以o结尾有生命的名词，如hero，tomato，potato，其复数是加es。23.抽象名词表示状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。又如anger。.完成句子(填入括号内词的正确形式)1.Two months(month) ago，three heroes(hero) caught four thieves(thief).They made them plant some potatoes(potato) and bamboos(bamboo) in two
13、 zoos(zoo).They also made their wives(wife) return the four big boxes(box) with some precious photos(photo) and brushes(brush) in them.2.Two editorsinchief(editorinchief)，three men_teachers(man teacher) and five women_doctors(woman doctor)，together with their children(child)，went to the market.They
14、decided to buy two sheep(sheep)，three deer(deer)，four oxen(ox)，five geese(goose)and six white mice(mouse) with three feet(foot) and six teeth(tooth).单句填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)1.Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives(knife) out of childrens reach.2.In my opinion, it is wrong to c
15、heat in examinations(examine) because it breaks the rules of schools.3.In my opinion, no one agrees that a wealthy(wealth) person without good health can be happy.So, just do our best and keep fit.4.Upon arrival(arrive), we began to work immediately.5.There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions(express).6.Lang Lang is a worldclass young pianist(piano) who grew up in Shenyang.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.I have only been there a
