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1、第三部分 句法篇,专题1 定语从句,核心考点精析,定语从句在高考中的应用,模拟强化练,核心考点精析,1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please. 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every，no 与 body，thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。,4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：w
2、ho，whom，which，that，whose，as等。 关系副词：when，where，why等。 5.确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。,(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. (2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China.,6.在定语从句中，当
3、先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。 (3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.,(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 T
4、he village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the books that you bought for me?,7.宜用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 (2)在关系词前有介词时。 (3)当先行词本身是that时。 (4)关系词后有插入语时。 8.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 (2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyon
5、e，one等词时，关系词用who。,(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? (4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。,9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room，whose window faces the river. 10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(m
6、uch)中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago. 注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。the same.that.引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.,(2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。 区别：意义上：as 含有“这点
7、正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。 He didnt pass the exam，as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out. As is known，the earth is round.,11.关系副词when与where，why，that when 指时间in/at/on/during which where指地点in/at/from which why指原因for which that可以用于表示时间
8、、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。 I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks. This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.,12.必须注意的问题： (1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。 (2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调句中it无意义，that/who不
9、是引导词。 去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句),(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。 同位语从句的引导词被叫做连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句) We exp
10、ressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句),(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。 关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 关系词作表语。 (5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 (6)几个特殊的定语从句句型： He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词) He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(
11、句中students为先行词),Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday? He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening. It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.,返回,定语从句高考中的应用,定语从句与语法填空,定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先
12、判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。,典题试做1,在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 1.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.(2015广东) 解析 根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词the
13、market，故填where。,where,解析答案,2.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.(2014新课标全国) 解析 考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的先行词为前面的habit，而该定语从句缺少主语，因此要用that或which引导。 3.People should not do things will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.(2014湖南) 解析 本句中含有定语从句，先行词是th
14、ings，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可以使用which或that引导定语从句。,that/which,which/that,解析答案,4.Nicks guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.(2013广东) 解析 该空需填一个定语从句的引导词，先行词为Nicks guests，指人，故引导词用who。 5.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at M
15、ary， made her feel like a star.(2012广东) 解析 由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。,who,which,解析答案,6.Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed. (2011广东) 解析 此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为other people，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填wh
16、om。,whom,解析答案,应对策略1,一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。,定语从句与短文改错,短文改错中对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。,典题试做2,单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国) 答案 thatwhich 2.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for whic
