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1、定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语称为定语。汉语中常用的表示。 定语主要由形容词担任，此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，thirty women teachers ; the girl in red. the boy from AmericaOur monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.fall
2、ing leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; He is the man who you are looking for.2定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。He likes the students who/that work hard.3先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。(因为出现在定语从句前面，即先于定语从句出现，故而得名先行词)4关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分
3、为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。5. 定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系代/副词 + 陈述语序句子二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中做主语,不能省略;作宾语，可以省略(常用whom)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr. Liu i
4、s the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。可引导非限定性定语从句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesti
5、ng at all. 4that 既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。不引导非限定性定语从句The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.Where is the man （that / whom）I saw this morning? The season that / which comes after spring is summer.Yesterday I received a letter that / which came fro
6、m Australia.5whose 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语, 表示所属关系.I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door
7、 of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三、关系副词引导的定语从句1when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when. (when =介词 + which.)若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。She will
8、never forget the day when (=on which) she was marriedI still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparent？Do you remember the days（that/which） we spent together last yea
9、r?I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days (that / which) we spent together.2where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where. (where = 介词 + which)。若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。I want to know the place wher
10、e (= in which) I was born.Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. Shanghai is the city (which/that) I want to visit.I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which / that is
11、 famous for its beautiful natural scenery.3why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason, 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导（why=for which）。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.I didnt believe the reason (that/which) he explain
12、ed to me注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation i
13、s quite clear.四、“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which
14、you asked. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The manager whos
15、e company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意： 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)This
16、is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) T
