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1、Unit 1 TEXT Quivering HeightsHow tall is too tall? The debate among architects heats up.多高是太高？建筑师之间的争论升温了。From New York to Shanghai, cities have raced for decades to erect the worlds tallest skyscrapers. Structures like Chicagos 443-meter-tall Sears Tower or Kuala Lumpurs 452-meter-high Petronas twi
2、ns have served as powerful totems, shouting out economic arrival. “The skyscraper,” says Robert Stern, dean of the Yale School of Architecture, “is the symbol of success.” But when two passenger planes（客机） smashed into the World Trade Center on Sept.11, that equation was forever altered. Skyscrapers
3、 were suddenly transformed into fragile deathtraps. “Right now its hard to justify building such huge monuments,” says noted （著名的） New York- based architect Shoji Sadao. “They are just too tempting a target.”从纽约到上海,城市已经运行几十年来建造世界上最高的摩天大楼。像芝加哥443米高的西尔斯大厦或吉隆坡452米高的双子塔的结构作为强大的图腾,喊着经济的到来。“摩天大楼”,罗伯特斯特恩说,
4、耶鲁大学建筑学院院长,”是成功的象征。“但当两个客机在9月11日撞上世贸中心,这个方程被永远改变了。摩天大楼突然变成了脆弱的危房。“现在很难证明建立这样巨大的纪念碑是正当的,“著名的纽约-基础架构师Shoji Sadao说。“他们只是太诱人的目标。”Giant skyscrapers may turn out to be among the first casualties of the first war of the 21st century. Ever since the 50-story Woolworth Building was erected in lower Manhattan
5、 in 1913, a debate has raged（流行，风行） among architects over the safety and practicality of the supertall building. Now those who have long agitated against them have suddenly found an attentive audience. “The days of competing over who has the tallest building are over,” Japanese architect Toyo Ito de
6、clared last week. “The World Trade Center attack has taught us something that Ive always believed: human beings should live closer to the earth.”巨大的摩天大厦结果成为二十一世纪第一场战争的第一个伤亡。自从50层的伍尔沃思大厦于1913年建于下曼哈顿，超高层建筑的安全性和实用性成为一个辩论在建筑师之间流行起来。现在那些一直强烈反对超高层建筑的突然发现一个细心的观众。“竞争谁拥有最高建筑的时代已经结束，“日本建筑师伊东丰雄上周声明。“世界贸易中心的被袭已
7、经告诉我们，那是我一直相信的：人类应该住得更靠近地球。”Skyscrapers have always been more about ego than economics. A building more than 80 stories high requires steel reinforcements as bracing against the wind and extra elevator banks（电梯组）, which limit the amount of office spaceand cut into profits （削减利润）. Only now have criti
8、cs worst suspicions been confirmed: the sheer height of these structures makes them potentially devastating hazards. The World Trade Center withstood the initial blow of two terrorist-driven Boeing 767s. But the jet-fuel fire melted its steel girders into putty, dropping acre-size floors onto each o
9、ther like a lethal stack of metal pancakes. Firefighters couldnt reach upper floors in time to be effective. “Its morally wrong to build those kinds of supertall buildings now,” says British architect Mark Dytham. “Nobody knows how to cope with （应付） that kind of fire at that kind of height.”摩天大楼一直比经
10、济更自我。一个超过80层楼高的建筑要求钢筋作为风和额外电梯组的支撑，这限制了办公空间和削减利润。眼下批评者最坏的怀疑得到证实：这些建筑物的纯粹高度，使他们潜在毁灭性的灾害。世界贸易中心经受了两架恐怖分子驾驶的波音767的最初打击。但喷气燃料的火把建筑物的钢梁熔化成油灰，滴落在彼此英亩大小的楼层上就像致命的金属煎饼堆。消防员无法在有效的时间内及时到达上层楼面。“现在建立这类超高层建筑在道德上是错误的，”英国建筑师马克Dytham说。“没有人知道如何在那样高度应对那种火。”Yet theres plenty to be said for the supertall buildings. For h
11、uge companies, they allow thousands to work together. Views from the windows feed executive egos. In crowded cities like Hong Kong, high-rises leave room for much-needed parkland. Some architects contend that the World Trade Centers collapse was actually a testament（确实的证明） to its engineering ingenui
12、ty: it did not topple sideways, and thousands managed to evacuate before it fell. Most of those killed were on the top floors, above the crash sites. “If the skyscraper is over,” argues Yales Stern, “what next? The airplane? The World Trade Center came down in an orderly way under conditions no one
13、could possibly have anticipated in the 1970s.然而有很多人为超高建筑讲话。对大公司来说,他们允许数千人一起工作。从windows提供执行自我观点。像香港这样拥挤的城市,高楼大厦留出空间给急需的公用场地。一些建筑师认为,世界贸易中心的倒塌实际上是证明其工程智慧:它没有向一侧倾覆,数千人设法在其坍塌之前疏散。大部分死者是顶部楼层,撞击地点的上方。“如果摩天大楼结束了,”耶鲁大学的斯特恩认为,“下一个是什么?飞机吗?世界贸易中心在1970年代可能没有人预料得到的情况下以有序的方式倒塌。For the foreseeable future, skyscrap
14、ers are likely to provide housing for a large percentage of office workers in Manhattan. Though some companies have relocated to smaller buildings in New Jersey, many are taking whatever space they can get. The World Trade Center attack destroyed more than 1 million square meters of office spaceroug
15、hly equivalent to the entire central business district of Miami. Bruce Mosley, president of U.S. operations for the real-estate（不动产，房地产） behemoth Cushman & Wakefield（高纬环球）, says his company has already leased more than 400,000 square meters of space in Manhattan since the disastermuch of it in skysc
16、rapers. “Has there been an immediate impact on peoples desires to be on the upper floors?” he says. “With a few tenants there has. But in our opinion this is short-term reaction to the attack.”在可预见的未来,摩天大楼可能给很大一部分在曼哈顿办公室的职员提供住房。在新泽西州尽管一些公司已经搬迁到较小的建筑物,许多人正在获取他们能得到的任何空间。世界贸易中心的袭击摧毁了超过100万平方米的办公空间，大概相当于迈阿密的整个商业中心区。房地产巨头高纬物业的美国业务总裁布鲁斯莫斯利说,他的公司在袭击以来已经在曼哈顿租赁400000多平方米的空间-很多都是来自摩天大楼。“有一个直接影响人们的欲望是在楼上吗?”他说。“几个租户有。但是在我们看来这是对袭击的短期反应。”May be so, but for now desi
