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1、Section Grammar合成词和冠词一、合成词把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成构词法。合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词、合成代词、合成动词等几种。1常用合成名词的构成类型(1)名词名词armchair classroom bedroom(2)形容词名词blackboard deadline(3)动词名词playground postcard(4)动名词名词swimming pool waiting room washing machine(5)名词动名词handwriting(6)动词副词takeoff warmup2常见合成形容词的构成类型(1)名词过去分词w
2、atercovered 被水覆盖的； manmade 人造的(2)名词现在分词peaceloving 爱好和平的； Englishspeaking 讲英语的(3)形容词名词parttime 兼职的； firstclass 一流的(4)形容词动名词goodlooking 好看的；easygoing 随和的(5)形容词名词edkindhearted 热心的； blueeyed 蓝眼睛的(6)基数词名词形容词an 80metrelong rope 一条80米长的绳子注意：合成形容词中若含有名词。名词只能用单数。3常见合成副词however 但是； anywhere 任何地方； downstairs
3、在楼下； maybe 可能； anyway 无论如何4常见合成代词anybody 任何人； something 某事；nobody 没有人； himself 他自己； nothing 没有东西注意：合成代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Someone is waiting for you. 有人正在等你。二、冠词定冠词的用法1特指双方都明白的人或物。Take the medicine. 把药吃了。Put the box on the table.把盒子放在桌上。2上文提到过的。He bought a house. Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子了。3独一
4、无二的。 The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。4方位名词、序数词、最高级前。The sun is rising in the east.太阳正从东方升起。He is the first student to come to school.他是第一个来到学校的学生。She is the most beautiful girl in our class.她是我们班最漂亮的女孩。5西洋乐器前。 I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。6用在表示身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。7姓氏的复
5、数前，表一家人。We called in on the Smiths. 我们顺便拜访了史密斯一家。8河、海、洋、岛、山、海峡等前。The Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean in the world. 太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。9形容词前，表一类人。The poor have no money but they have a lot of friends. 穷人们没钱，但他们有很多朋友。10固定搭配。in the day in the morning the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the nex
6、t morning in the sky in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way. 考情分析在英语中，合成法是构成词的三种主要方式(合成、转化和派生)之一，对合成法的考查经常出现在阅读理解、完形填空等题型中，掌握了构词法对扩大词汇量有很大帮助。冠词是高考英语的考查重点之一，考题常见于语法填空、短文改错等题型中。轻巧记忆定冠词使用口诀：世界独一二次现，序语形容高级前。富人伤员按天算，方位乐器影剧院。群岛河山江湖海。沙漠海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，普专
7、复合姓氏前。组织团体和机关，朝代、会议及报刊。双知年代击中脸，特指事物及习惯。即时训练.根据汉语提示用合成词填空1Although it is a oneeyed(独眼的，一只眼的) dog the little boy likes it very much.2Our English teacher is a warmhearted(热情的，热心肠的) honest and strict man.3Jack is a tenyearold(十岁的) boy.用正确的冠词填空1After / lunch we went for a walk by the sea.2The steamengine
8、 was invented before the internal combustion engine(内燃机)3The bat(蝙蝠) they say judges distances by a kind of echolocation(回声定位)4He goes to / church every Sunday; the church he usually goes to has / seats for over 800 people.5This is the most useful reference book I have on this subject.6We have a goo
9、d market in the town where we buy our / fruit and / vegetables.7The prison in this town is a grimlooking building.8The youngest boy has just started going to / school; The eldest boy is at / college.9/ child as he is he knows a lot.10He was elected / monitor in our class.完成句子1这不是我们要找的车。It is not the
10、_car we are looking for.2我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书值十五元。I bought a book from Xinhua Bookstore. The_book cost 15 yuan.3我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。I can see a bird in_the_sky.4狗不太危险。The_dog is not too dangerous.5他们两个人中，他更高。He is the_taller of the two.6他会弹钢琴。He can play the_piano.7格林一家正在中国旅游。The_Greens are on a trip in China.8
11、他们是教师。They are teachers.9我们从星期一到星期五都上学。We go to school from Monday to Friday.10露西去学校找她妈妈了。Lucy went to the_school to look for her mother.单句填空1Besides shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or pushed you with their elbows(肘部) hurrying ahead to get
12、 a bargain.2There is a constant beat in rap songs. The beat accounts for the popularity of rap music in clubs.3Last weekend I was travelling home from Bangalore. There was a distinct lack of buses so I thought I would escape the crowd and go for refreshment. I decided to go to a hotel near the bus s
13、tand.4The International Red Cross exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality. The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross.5There are lots of experiences in our lives. The most unforgettable one for me is the speech competition which was
14、 held last year. 不定冠词的用法1表示泛指人或物。不定冠词表泛指，既可以指同类中的任何一个(与 any 同义)，也可以指同类中的某一个。2表示数量“一”。不定冠词可以表示数量“一”，但其数的概念不如 one 强烈。3用在介词 of 后面的名词前，表示“相同的”，与 the same 同义。4用在一些表示时间、长度、重量等单位的名词前，表示“每一”的概念，同 every each per。5用在人名等专有名词前，表示“一个叫的人”，或“某一个”。【深化点拨】(1)表示独一无二的事物前有修饰词时，用不定冠词，表示属于某一类的或者是表示一种特殊情况。*We hope we can see a full moon tonight.我们希望今晚能看到一轮圆月。(2)表示季节、月份、日期、三餐等的名词前有修饰词时，用不定冠词。*This happened on a rainy Saturday towards the end of July.这件事发生在临近七月底的一个下雨的星期六。(3)当抽象名词具体化时，要用不定冠词。*It came as a big surprise that he gave me a beautiful birthday present
