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1、Geographygeography地理coastland沿海地区geographer地理学家fieldstone散石（造花园小路用的石块）hemisphere半球continental island大陆岛meridian子午线，经线volcanic island火山岛parallel平行圈，纬线coral island珊瑚岛latitude纬度islet小岛 /ailit/longitude经度Peninsula(r)半岛(的)elevation海拔continent大陆altitude（海拔）高度continental shelf大陆架temperate latitudes温带地区rang
2、es山脉horizon地平线valley山谷，溪谷equator赤道canyon峡谷tropics热带地区channel (strait)海峡Arctic北极remote-sensing遥感的Antarctic (Antarctica)南极terrestrial地球的，陆地的expedition探险terrestrial heat(geothermal) 地热time zone时区terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism) 地磁topography地形，地形学continental drift大陆漂移学说plain平原sea-floor spreading海床扩展p
3、lateau (highland)高地evaporation蒸发lowland低地salinity含盐度basin盆地ocean bottom海床cavern (cave)洞穴sediment沉淀物，沉积物terrain地域tropical热带的subterraneanunderground地底下temperate温带的formation形成frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象Geologygeologist 地质学家ore矿石crust地壳deposit矿床mantle地幔platinum白金，铂core地核aluminum铝continental crust大陆地壳tin锡
4、oceanic crust海洋地壳lead铅layer (stratum, 复数 strata)地层zinc锌plate板块nickel镍fault 断层mercury汞，水银fault plane断层面sodium钠fault zone断层带gem宝石rift (crack; split)断裂diamond钻石disintegration(decomposition)分解,崩溃emerald绿宝石erosion腐蚀ruby红宝石fossil化石glacier冰川igneous rock火成岩glacial 冰川的sedimentary rock沉积岩glacial epoch ( age, period)冰川期metamorphic rock变质岩glacial drift冰渍quartz石英 /kwa:ts/iceberg冰山limestone石灰岩earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism)地震marble大理石seismic地震的granite花岗岩seismology地震学lithogenous岩成的magnitude震级lithosphere岩石圈seismic wave地震波magma岩浆cataclysm灾变
