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1、Unit 4,测控技术与仪器专业英语,Calibration,Chapter 1 Introduction to Measurement,测控技术与仪器专业英语,2,criterion 标准、准则 established standard 现有标准 multiple standard 多重标准 feasible 可行的 specified limit 制定的限度 calibrate 校准 performance check 性能检查 progressive drift 逐渐地漂移 tolerance limit 随机误差,Words and Expressions,测控技术与仪器专业英语,3,
2、Q1 What is calibration, and why do people perform it at specified intervals? Q2 What are the standards, and what requirement must they satisfy? Q3 What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities?,Questions before reading,办公权限,测控技术与仪器专业英语,4,Q4 What are c
3、alibration procedures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented?,Questions before reading,测控技术与仪器专业英语,5,Unit 4 Calibration,Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into s
4、ubstantial agreement with an established standard. 校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致（匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。,1.1,测控技术与仪器专业英语,6,Unit 4 Calibration,The established standard is normally of at least four times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multiple standards if the
5、 four-times criterion is not feasible 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者当四倍标准不可行时，则采用多重标准平均方式。 To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument 也就是说，仪器校准表明了其测量误差的确定限度。,1.3,1.5,测控技术与仪器专业英语,7,Unit 4 Calibration,The accuracy of an in
6、strument is dependent on three major contributing factors: The time since it was last calibrated; The difference between the calibration temperature and the operating temperature; The uncertainty of the standard used for calibration 仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素： 距离上次校准的时间； 校准和使用时的温差； 用于标定的标准的不确定度。,1.9,测控技术与仪器专业英
7、语,8,Unit 4 Calibration,In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments for periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures 在大多
8、数组织中，校准由一个独立（或单独的）小组负责。这个小组负责维护现行标准，对仪器的周期性校准和检定进行记录，并清楚了解最近一次校准的过程。,2.1,测控技术与仪器专业英语,9,Unit 4 Calibration,The standards laboratory should have environmental controls to assure consistency because environmental factors can affect the accuracy of certain standards and the performance of instruments. 由
9、于环境因素能影戏那个某些标准的准确度和仪器的性能，所以，标准实验室应具备环境控制（装置）保证（校准和使用的）一致性。 Environmental factors that are controlled usually include temperature, humidity, vibration, dust, radio-frequency interference, grounding, and line voltage regulation 需要控制的环境因素通常包括温度、湿度、振动、粉尘、无线频率干扰、接地和线电压调节。,2.5,2.8,测控技术与仪器专业英语,10,Unit 4 Ca
10、libration,The calibration procedure and instrument performance checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商在随仪器提供的手册中指定或设置。 Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere with the records for an instrument
11、and accelerate progressive drift in values. 频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的逐渐地漂移。,3.1,3.6,测控技术与仪器专业英语,11,Unit 4 Calibration,An exception to this procedure can be made if the parameter is very near the tolerance limit and there is reason to believe it may be out of tolerance before the next calibration. 如果参
12、数非常接近公差限，并且有理由相信其可能在下次校准前超差，则要例外。 The decision to adjust instruments that are close to the specified limits depends on the type of instrument and on the operating practice and philosophy of the laboratory doing the recalibration. 对于仪器是否因接近设定极限而需调整的决策，取决于仪器的类型和校准实验室的实际操作情况和实验室体系架构。,3.7,3.9,Unit 5,测控技
13、术与仪器专业英语,Operating Characteristic,Chapter 1 Introduction to Measurement,田志波,测控技术与仪器专业英语,13,range 范围 span 跨度 resolution 分辨率 dead band 死区 threshold 阈值 sensitivity 灵敏度 overload 过载 recovery time 回复时间 saturation effect 饱和效应,Words and Expressions,测控技术与仪器专业英语,14,Q1 What are the meanings of range, span, and
14、 what are the differences between them? Q2 How are resolution, dead-band and sensitivity related to an increase of measurement? Q3 What are the reliability, over-range and drift? Q4 What does environment of an experiment include?,Questions before reading,测控技术与仪器专业英语,15,Main content,Measurement,1,Ope
15、ration,2,Environmental Effects,3,测控技术与仪器专业英语,16,1 Measurement,A measuring instrument can measure any value of a variable within its range of measurement. The range is defined by the lower range limit and the upper range limit 一个测量仪器能够测量在其测量范围内的任意变量值。范围是由范围的下限和范围的上限共同定义的。 The span is the difference b
16、etween the upper range limit and the lower range limit Span=upper range limit-lower range limit 跨度是上下限之间的差：跨度=范围上限-范围下限,1.1,1.4,测控技术与仪器专业英语,17,1 Measurement,When the measured variable is continuously varied over the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以离散的阶跃形式改变其输出
