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1、承包商视角下工程变更的不平衡报价创收研究 近年来，伴随着我国建筑业市场的蓬勃发展，承包商之间的竞争也日益激烈。通过大量的事实可以得知，承包商面临着长期利润微薄的处境。如何在确保顺利中标的前提下进行额外创收是目前承包商们关注的焦点。根据大量工程实践经验可以证明，工程变更是施工过程中普遍出现且影响工程价款结算的事件。由此可见，工程变更是承包商创收最普遍的途径。根据以上观点，本文结合大量的文献研究，以合同签订时间为分割点，将承包商创收阶段分为“一次经营”阶段及“二次经营”阶段。本文研究内容：第一，根据因招标文件出现错误而引发的工程变更情形，分析出相应的三种变更情况。之后通过各种文献分析、案例研究寻找
2、出关键工程变更机会点。将其与相应的不平衡报价策略相结合。实现承包商创收。第二，根据标准施工招标文件将工程变更情形分为五种，通过对五种工程变更情形分析，找到其相应的变更机会点并与不平衡报价策略相结合，实现承包商创收。第三，根据工程量偏差而引发的变更情形，分析出相应的三种变更情况并进行分析。据此找到其相应的变更机会点并与不平衡报价策略相结合，实现承包商创收。第四，根据合理化建议而引发的变更情形，分析出二种变更情况并进行分析。并据此找到其相应的变更机会点与不平衡报价策略相结合，实现承包商成功创收。第五，根据基于工程变更下不平衡报价具体操作流程及路径分析，引入SEDA模型，找出承包商关键创收点，对这些
3、关键创收点进行有效的管理与控制，最终实现承包商成功创收。通过对上述五个问题进行研究，基本上确定不平衡报价策略是目前承包商应用最普遍、最有效的创收策略。再将各个工程变更情形下变更机会点分别与相应的不平衡报价策略相结合，最终实现承包商成功创收。关键词：承包商创收、工程变更机会点、不平衡报价策略Research On Contractor engineering change in the view of the unbalanced income-generatingABSTRACTIn recent years, with the rapid development of Chinas cons
4、truction market, the competition is fierce. Through a lot of facts can be learned, the contractor faces a long-term profit situation. The premise to ensure the smoothly under the additional revenue is the focus of attention in current contractors. Based on a large number of engineering practice can
5、prove that, in the process of construction project change is widespread and the impact of project price settlement events. Therefore, the engineering change is the most popular way to contractor revenue.Based on the above point of view, a large number of literatures in this paper, to contract time f
6、or segmentation, the contractor generation phase is divided into time management and two management stage. Through the application of various methods, the various engineering change situation analysis and find out the opportunity to achieve revenue point change. The various opportunities and unbalan
7、ced combined bidding strategy, and ultimately the contractor revenue. The main research contents of this paper are as follows:First, according to the bidding document error caused by engineering change situation, analyze three kinds of change of the corresponding. Through the various literature anal
8、ysis and case study, find out the key engineering change opportunities. And not a balanced combination bidding strategy, implementation of the contractor revenue.Second, according to the standard construction bidding document will be divided into five kinds of engineering change situation, through t
9、he case of five kinds of engineering analysis, find the corresponding change of the opportunities and combined with the unbalanced bidding strategy, implementation of the contractor revenue.Third, change the situation according to the engineering quantity deviation caused, analysis of three correspo
10、nding changes and analysis. Then to find the corresponding change of the opportunities and combined with the unbalanced bidding strategy, implementation of the contractor revenue.Fourth, change the situation according to the reasonable suggestions by analysis of two kinds of changes, and analyze the
11、. And then to find the corresponding change opportunities and unbalanced combined bidding strategy, realize the successful.Fifth, based on the engineering change the imbalanced quotation under specific operating process and path analysis, introducing the SEDA model, find out the key point of the rev
12、enue, effective management and control of these key generation, and ultimately the successful.Through the research on these five issues, determine the unbalanced bidding strategy is currently the most widely used, the most effective monetization strategy basically. Then the chance to change all engi
13、neering change situations are combined with the unbalanced bidding strategies accordingly, realize the successful contractor.Key words: contractor engineering change in income, opportunity, unbalanced bidding strategies目录第一章 绪论11.1研究背景11.1.2 工程变更为承包商创收创造机会21.1.3 不平衡报价策略是承包商普遍应用的创收手段41.2 研究对象的界定51.2.
14、1 基本概念51.2.2 承包商收入的构成51.2.3 承包商创收的含义及内容61.2.4 承包商创收范围81.2.5 承包商工程变更创收范围81.3 问题的提出101.3.1 关于承包商创收途径的研究101.3.2 关于承包商基于工程变更不平衡报价创收研究111.3.3 关键问题的提出121.3.4 研究的关键问题解构131.4 研究目的和意义141.5 研究内容及文章框架14第二章 文献研究162.1承包商工程变更价款形成研究162.1.1 法律法规对于工程变更范围、内容及处理程序的规定162.1.2变更项目工程量确定172.1.3 变更项目综合单价的确定182.1.4 工程变更下承包商可
15、利用的重要机会点242.2 承包商工程变更机会点研究252.2.1 关于承包商工程变更创收的总体研究及工程变更创收机会点研究汇总252.2.2 承包商创收风险研究252.3 承包商不平衡报价策略研究292.3.1 承包商视角下不平衡报价策略的应用292.3.2不平衡报价与工程变更的结合312.4 本章小结33第三章招标文件错误引起的承包商工程变更创收353.1施工图纸与清单项目不符实现创收353.1.1.施工图纸与清单项目特征不符的情形分析353.1.2.施工图纸与清单项目不符带来的创收机会点353.1.3 施工图纸与清单项目特征描述不符情形下采取不平衡报价策略实现创收393.2 分部分项工程量清单漏项引起的实体项目增加实现创收413.2.1清单漏项引起实体项目增加的情形分析413.2.2清单漏项引起实体项目增加带来创收的机会点413.2.3 清单漏项引起实体项目增加带来创收的策略423.2.4 清单漏项引起的措施项目变化的情形分析443.2.5清单漏项引起措施项目变化带来创收的机会点453.2.6 清单漏项引起的措施项目变化带来的创收的策略46第四章 标准施工招标文件下工程变更承包商创收484.1 改变工程基线、标高、位置或尺寸实现创收484.1.1改变工程基线、标高、位置或尺寸的情形分析484.1.2改变工程基线、标高、位
