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1、 语法填空命题特点 短文材料:课标卷I都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章,题材内容体现正能量。但2015年课标卷II是说明文。 短文长度:大约是200个词。 必考点是:连词、谓语动词、非谓语动词、词类转换。 常考点是:冠词、介词、代词、比较级。 常考固定搭配:全国课标卷和原广东卷考过的固定搭配有(黑体部分是要求考生填的词):全国卷At the same time(2015,课标II), It takes time to do sth. (课标I), refuse to do sth. (课标I), keep doing(课标II), next to(课标II) 广东卷neithernor (2013)
2、, notbut (2014), Why not do sth.? (2013), have a conversation (2011), a small amount of (2013), on sale (2009), at table (2009), at a price (2013), be tired from (2008), show respect for (2013), charge () for (2014)备考指南一是掌握基础语法:切实掌握每个项目中的基本用法,不淡化,但也不必深化。千万注意语法不要过细、过繁、过多、过难,不要将简单语法复杂化,而应想方设法使复杂的语法简单化
3、,让语法变得更简、更易、更有趣。二是熟悉考点语法:语法填空的考点与短文改错的考点基本相同,具体有以下十大考点:考点1:名词 弄清数与格。即名词是否该用复数,是否要用所有格。例1We were poor in those _ (day). 分析因day是可数名词,受those修饰,应用复数,故填days。例2 Its about an _ (hour) drive from here. 分析句意是“离这里大约有一个小时的车程”,“一个小时的”用所有格,故填hours。考点2:代词 指代对象(通常是前面出现的名词或整句),是人还是事物,是男还是女,是单数还是复数,是作主语还是作宾语。例1 The
4、manager was about to leave when his secretary called _ back.分析作called的宾语,应填代词;指代谁?指代The manager,是人; 由his可知, 这个经理是男的,是一个人,单数,且是作宾语,故填him。 如是物主代词(表示某人的),作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词,在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。例2Tom, a friend of _ (I), is our monitor.分析 指“我的朋友”中的一个,表示“我的朋友(my friend)”,相当于“一个形容词性物主代词+一个名词”的意义,用名词性物主代词,作介词
5、of的宾语,故填mine。 反身代词反指谁,它通常作主语和宾语的同位语,这时应与主语或宾语一致;也可作某些动词或介词的宾语,这时需与主语一致。例3 The children amused _ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games.分析缺宾语,应填代词;这些孩子拿谁取乐,应是“自娱自乐,游玩(amuse oneself)”,与主语The children一致,故填themselves。类似的短语还有enjoy oneself (玩得开心), teach oneself(自学), adapt oneself (适应), dress oneself(自己穿衣),
6、 devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(单独地)等。考点3:冠词 不定冠词表示泛指,可译作“一个/本/座/”等;定冠词表示特指,相当于“这,这些,那,那些”。另外,搞清特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the,以及在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前,用the。如:例1It was _ third time I had been there.分析在序数词前要用the。 例2 This is _ most boring film Ive ever seen.分析 在最高级前要用the。例3 He is _ honest businessman
7、, according to what everyone says.分析 可译作:根据大家的评说,他是一个诚实的商人。表示“一个”,用不定冠词,honest的读音以元音音素开头,故填an。考点4:连词 并列连词。连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有and, or, but, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror等。例1 As a citizen, you must obey the law _ you will be punished. 分析 前后是两个句子,应填连词;根据句意可知填or,表示“否则”。例2 He likes cats _ dislikes dog
8、s.分析 因likes cats与dislikes dogs是转折关系,故填but。 从句连词。 引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意思,并在从句中作句子成分),以及that(不作任何句子成句,没有任何意义), 和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。例3 He came to me in the belief _ I could help him.分析空格后面的句子是belief的同位语,从句内容完整,也不缺少任何句子成分,故填that。例4 Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _ we h
9、ave done.分析在宾语从句中作have done的宾语,相当于the thing that,“所的事”,用连接代词what。 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的。例5I met someone _ said he knew you.分析引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,用关系代词;先行词是人,故填who。例6 Li Ming won first prize in the competition, _ made his father pleased.分析引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,用关系代词;先行词是“李明在这次比赛中得了第一名”这回事,故填w
10、hich。 引导状语从句的从属连词。例7 We camped there _ it was too dark to go on.分析因“天太黑不能继续走了”是“我们在那里宿营”的原因,故填because。例8 Such things, _ you like it or not, do happen from time to time.分析由句意“不管你喜欢不喜欢,这样的事的确时有发生”及or可知,填whether引导让步状语从句。whether or 不管还是考点5:介词 主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, be
11、fore, behind等表示时间、地点、原因等的介词以及习惯用语中的介词。例1 I am grateful to you _ helping me.分析 因为某事感谢某人,用for表示感谢的原因。例2_ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health. 分析表示“随着”用介词With。With time going by =As time goes by随着时间的流逝。考点6:助动词 构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的do, does, did。例1 How much _ he charge you f
12、or repairing the bicycle just now? 分析这是疑问句,由just now可知,是一般过去时,填助动词did。 强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词的do, does, did。例2To tell you the truth, Tom _ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me.分析与yesterday连用,谓语动词本应用一般过去时,但take却用了原形,可见其前面应当有助动词或情态动词;根据语境,应当是表达“的确错拿了我的钢笔”,强调谓语动词,又是一般过去时,用did。
13、构成部分倒装的do, does, did。例3 Not only _ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others. 分析 not onlybut also连接两个句子时,前一个句子要用部分倒装;主语是第三人称单数,动词却用了原形do,可见前面应有助动词does, did;由后句的is可知,是一般现在时,故填does。 常用情态动词的基本用法。例4I _ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not.分析表示“本应
14、该做某事,但事实上却没有做”,用should have done sth. 表示,故填should。考点7:谓语动词 谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年广东卷和全国卷来看,考得最多的是一般现在时和一般过去时,且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态,跟着用什么时态就行了,十分简单。例1He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called分析在主语人称代词he后作谓语,是谓语动词;因he与find是主动关系,用主动语态,由上下文的时态可知,用一般过去时,故填found。例2Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week分析由tell sb. sth. 可知,用被动语态,表示我们“被告知” ; 又由上下文的时态(如went, said)可知,用一般过去时,故填were told。例3He