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1、2000年1月TOEFL试题Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even m
2、ore crowded, as fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Thi
3、rd. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation. Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The
4、fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as t
5、he fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing co
6、unterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in th
7、e capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphias a
8、griculture importance(B) Philadelphias development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because (A) they provided more modem facilities than
9、older markets(B) the High Street Market was forced to close (C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition (B) association (C) produce (D) region4. The wor
10、d it in line 6 refers to(A) the crowded city (B) a radius (C) the High Street Market (D) the period5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned (B) started (C) declined (D) continued6. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held(A) on the same day as market says
11、 (B) as often as possible(C) a couple of times a year (D) whenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell (B) were not available in the stores in Philadelph
12、ia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported8. The word eradicate in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) eliminate (B) exploit (C) organize (D) operate9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that economic development was on the merchants side ?(
13、A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.10. The word undergoing in line 22 is close
14、st in meaning to(A) requesting (B) experiencing (C) repeating (D) including阳气决定着脏腑的工作能力，而脏腑的工作能力又决定着身体的健康状况和寿命，所以说，想要身体好一点，寿命长一点，就要学会保护好我们的阳气，增加阳气。健康人晒晒太阳，就能吸收到充足的阳气了，但对于老年人和体质特别虚弱的人来说，恐怕吸收来的阳气也不够解燃眉之急的7Questions 11-22Avicolturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned ho
15、w to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred f
16、rom the birds skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in te
