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1、翻译三级笔译实务模拟58Section 1 English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. Para（江南博哥）. 1 Do cellphones cause cancer? Despite years of research, there is still no clear answer. But two government studies released Friday, one in rats and one in mice, suggest that if there is any
2、risk, it is small, health officials said. Para. 2 These two studies on the effects of the type of radiation the phones emit, conducted over 10 years and costing $25 million, are considered the most extensive to date. In male rats, the studies linked tumors in the heart to high exposure to radiation
3、from the phones. But that problem did not occur in female rats, or any mice. Para. 3 The rodents in the studies were exposed to radiation nine hours a day for two years, more than people experience even with a lot of cellphone use, so the results cannot be applied directly to humans, said John Buche
4、r, a senior scientist at the National Toxicology Program, during a telephone news briefing. Para. 4 The results, he said, had not led him to change his own cellphone use or to urge his own family to do so. But he also noted that the heart tumors in rats are similar to a benign tumor in people involv
5、ing the nerve that connects the ear to the brain, which some studies have linked to cellphone use. Para. 5 He said that nearly 20 animals studies on this subject have been done, with the vast majority coming up negative with respect to cancer. Other agencies are studying cellphone use in people and
6、trying to determine whether it is linked to the incidence of any type of cancer, Bucher said. Para. 6 The Food and Drug Administration issued a statement saying it respected the research by the toxicology program, had reviewed many other studies on cellphone safety, and had not found sufficient evid
7、ence that there are adverse health effects in humans caused by exposures at or under the current radio-frequency exposure limits. Para. 7 For people who worry about the risk, health officials offer common-sense advice: Spend less time on cellphones, use a headset or speaker mode so that the phone is
8、 not pressed up against the head and avoid trying to make calls if the signal is weak. Bucher noted that the radiation emitted increases when users are in spots where the signal is poor or sporadic and the phone has to work harder to connect. Para. 8 Others felt that even the ambiguous findings were
9、 of concern. Joel Moskowitz, director of the Center for Family and Community Health at the School of Public Health, at the University of California, Berkeley, said that based on the overall results of the study, the government should reassess and strengthen the limits it imposes on how much and what
10、 types of radiation cellphones can emit. Para. 9 Scientists do not know why only male rats and not females develop the heart tumors, but Bucher said one possibility is simply that the males are bigger and absorb more of the radiation. Para. 10 A seemingly paradoxical finding that has also puzzled th
11、e researchers is that the rats exposed to the cellphone radiation actually lived longer than the controls. One possible explanation, Bucher said, is that the radiation may ease inflammation, and lessen the severity of a chronic kidney disorder that is common in aging rats and can kill them. 正确答案：第一段
12、 手机辐射会导致癌症吗?尽管经过了多年的研究，这个问题仍然没有明确的答案。但卫生官员说，上周五发布的两项政府研究，分别在大小老鼠身上开展试验，结果表明，即使手机辐射存在危害，它对健康的影响也是微乎其微。 第二段 这两项研究探索不同类型的手机辐射对人的影响，历时10多年，耗资2,500万美元，被认为是迄今为止最为全面的研究。研究发现，雄性大鼠体内的心脏肿瘤与受到高强度的手机辐射有关，但该研究并没有在雌性大鼠和小鼠身上发现相同的情况。 第三段 美国国家毒理学项目(National Toxicology Program)资深科学家约翰布赫(John Bucher)在电话新闻发布会上说，“实验老鼠连续
13、两年每天暴露在辐射下9小时，即使是经常使用手机的人，所接受的辐射都没这么多，所以研究结果不能直接应用到人类身上。” 第四段 他说，调查结果并没有使他改变使用手机的习惯，也没有促使他说服家人去改变。但他也指出，雄性大鼠的心脏肿瘤与人类的良性肿瘤相似。良性肿瘤与连接耳朵和大脑的神经有关，有些研究也认为其成因与使用手机有关联。 第五段 布赫表示，就这个话题已经开展了近20项动物研究，绝大多数都发现手机辐射与癌症无关。其他机构也正在研究人们使用手机的情况，并试图确定其是否与癌症的发病率有关。 第六段 美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)发表声明称，它尊重关
14、国国家毒理学项目的研究结果，同时审查了许多其他有关手机安全的研究，并没有找到充分的证据来证明在目前规定频率范围内，电磁辐射会对人造成不良影响。 第七段 对于那些还担心手机辐射风险的人，卫生官员提供了一些常识性建议：减少使用手机的时间；使用耳机或扬声模式，这样就不需要将手机紧贴头部；避免在信号微弱的情况下打电话。布赫强调说手机在信号较差或不稳定的地方，为了接收信号，需要提高运行功率，这时其辐射也会增强。 第八段 其他人觉得即使是模棱两可的结果也值得担忧。美国加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)公共卫生学院家庭与社区卫生中心主任乔尔莫斯科维茨(
15、Joel Moskowitz)说，基于研究的整体结果，政府需要重新评估手机的辐射强度和辐射类型，并在这两方面上加大对手机的管制。 第九段 科学家不知道为什么只有雄性大鼠才会患上心脏肿瘤，而雌性大鼠不会。但布赫说可能仅仅是因为雄性大鼠体型较大，吸收的辐射也更多。 第十段 一个看似矛盾的发现也让研究人员感到困惑，那就是暴露在手机辐射下的大鼠比对照组的老鼠活更久。布赫说，“一种可能的解释是辐射会缓解炎症，并且减轻慢性肾病的症状。该疾病在年老老鼠中很普遍，可使其死亡。”解析 1第一段句if there is any risk, it is small中if引导的从句从语义上来看，表示的是让步，故应译为
16、“即使手机辐射存在危害，它对健康的影响也是微乎其微的”。 2第二段句extensive字面义为“大量的”“广泛的”。文中是指两项政府研究历时长、耗资多，因此译为“全面的”更为合适。 3第四段句较长，句中involving the nerve.to cellphone use解释说明了良性肿瘤的性质与相关研究，在翻译时可将这部分拆分出来，独立成句，重复“良性肿瘤”(或添加“后者”指代前文良性肿瘤)作主语即可。 4第五段句negative为多义词，可指“否定的”“消极的”“阴性的”。文中是指绝大多数研究结果呈阴性，故coming up negative with respect to cancer可译作“与患癌无关”。 5第七段句the phone has to wor
