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1、翻译三级笔译实务模拟44Section 1 English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. Para（江南博哥）. 1 Every system for converting votes into power has its flaws. Britain suffers from an over-mighty executive; Italy from chronically weak government; Israel from small, domineering factions. A
2、merica, however, is plagued by the only democratic vice more troubling than the tyranny of the majority: tyranny of the minority. Para. 2 This has come about because of a growing division between rural and urban voters. The electoral system the Founders devised, and which their successors elaborated
3、, gives rural voters more clout than urban ones. When the parties stood for both city and country that bias affected them both. But the Republican Party has become disproportionately rural and the Democratic Party disproportionately urban. That means a red vote is worth more than a blue one. Para. 3
4、 The consequences are dramatic. Republicans hold both the houses of Congress and the White House. But in previous elections their candidates got just 46% of the two-party vote for the Senate, and they won the presidential vote last year with 49%. Para. 4 Our voting model predicts that, for Democrats
5、 to have a better than 50% chance of winning control of the House in Novembers mid-term elections, they will need to win the popular vote by around seven percentage points. Para. 5 This imbalance is partly by design. The greatest and the smallest states each have two senators, in order that Congress
6、 should represent territory as well as people. Yet the over-representation of rural America was not supposed to affect the House and the presidency. Para. 6 For most of the past 200 years, when rural, urban and suburban interests were scattered between the parties, it did not. Today, however, the 13
7、 states where people live closest together have 121 Democratic House members and 73 Republican ones, whereas the rest have 163 Republicans and just 72 Democrats. Para. 7 America has one party built on territory and another built on people. The bias is deepening. Every president who took office in th
8、e 20th century did so having won the popular vote. In two of the five elections for 21st century presidents, the minority won the electoral college. By having elected politicians appoint federal judges, the American system embeds this rural bias in the courts as well. Para. 8 Americans often say suc
9、h partisanship is bad for their country. The Founding Fathers would have agreed. George Washington warned that the alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge. is itself a frightful despotism. Para. 9 As a component of partisanship, the built-in bias is obvio
10、usly bad for Democrats. But in the long run it is bad for America as a whole, including Republicans. When lawmaking is paralyzed, important work is too hard. The few big laws that are approved pass on party-line votes. That emboldens the opposition to reverse or neuter them when they take power. Par
11、a. 10 Bitter partisanship and electoral bias poison politics and are hard to fix. Changing the constitution is hardand rightly so. Voting reform is not the whole answer to partisanship and built-in bias, but it would help. It is hard, but not outlandish. To maintain the trust of all Americans, the w
12、orlds oldest constitutional democracy needs to reform itself. 正确答案：第一段 每一种将选票转化为权力的制度都有其缺陷。英国的行政机构权力过大；意大利政府长期软弱；以色列饱受各个小派系专横之苦。然而，美国正备受少数人专政的煎熬，而少数人专政正是唯一一种比多数人暴政更令人痛苦不堪的民主弊端。 第二段 这是因为农村和城市选民的差距越来越大。美国国父创立的选举制度，经由他们的继任者改进，赋予了农村选民更大的影响力。当政党同时代表城市和农村选民的利益时，这种偏差并不会对选举结果造成影响。但是，现在绝大部分的农村选民偏向共和党，城市选民则偏向
13、民主党。这意味着红票(代表共和党)比蓝票(代表民主党)更有价值。 第三段 这导致了戏剧性的结果。共和党同时控制着国会两院和白宫。但在之前的选举中，共和党候选人在参议院两党选举中仅获得46%的选票，而在去年总统选举中，他们以49%的选票赢得大选。 第四段 我们的投票模型预测，民主党要想在11月的中期选举中有超过50%的几率赢得众议院的控制权，他们需要以大约7个百分点的优势赢得普选。 第五段 一定程度而言，这种不平衡是有意为之的。美国最大和最小的州均各有两名参议员，以便国会议员既能代表各州也能代表人民的利益。虽然农村选民拥有更大的影响力，但这本不会影响众议院和总统选举的结果。 第六段 在过去200
14、年的大部分时间里，当农村、城市和郊区的利益均匀分散在政党之中时，不会出现现在这种情况。而如今，人口最密集的13个州有121名民主党众议员和73名共和党众议员，而其他州有163名共和党众议员和72名民主党众议员。 第七段 美国民主党赢的基础在于州域划分，而共和党赢的基础在于人数，这种政治偏向正在逐步加深。20世纪就职的总统都赢得了普选。但在21世纪的五次总统选举中，普选票数少的党派两次赢得了选举人团的投票。总统由选举产生，而联邦法官由总统任命，这也将美国选举制度中农村选票更为重要的影响带到了法院。 第八段 美国人经常说党派之争正在危害国家。开国元勋也同意这一点。乔治华盛顿(George Wash
15、ington)曾警告说，“党派的交替统治使得复仇之火熊熊燃烧这本身就是一种可怕的专制主义”。 第九段 作为党派之争的一部分，美国选举制度固有的缺陷显然对民主党不利。但从长远来看，它对整个美国都有害，共和党也不例外。当立法陷入瘫痪时，要通过重要的法案就很难。重大法律(数量较少)是基于党派的立场而通过的。这就使得反对派在掌权后可能会有恃无恐地推翻、废除这些法律。 第十段 残酷的党派之争和选举偏向是难以割治的政治毒瘤。修改宪法困难重重，这是事实。选举制度改革并不能完全解决这些问题，但能起一定的作用。这一过程困难重重，但并非天方夜谭。为了使得所有美国人保持对国家的信任，这个世界上最古老的民主宪政国家需要自我改革。解析 1第二段句elaborate为多义词，可指“详细阐述”“使计划、想法等更为详细”等。根据本文语境，该段提及美国选举制度不断得到巩固和发展。因此，此处应取第二义项，译为“改进”更为合适。 2第二段句，在翻译red vote“红票”和blue vote“蓝票”时可对其含义进行解释说明，译为“红票(代表共和党)”和“蓝票(代表民主党)”。 3第五段句by design为固定搭配，意思是with an intention“故意”，此处可译作“有意为之”。 4第七段句electoral college为专有名词，意为“选举人团”。 5第十段句动词poison意为“毒害”，在翻译时可将
