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1、Respiratory Disease Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae呼吸系统疾病猪肺炎支原体Bob Morrison DVM, MBA, PhDSwine Group University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原体nTransmission is primarily by direct contact with carrier swine.n 传播的主要途径是与病原携带猪的直接接触。nAirborne transmission possible 经呼吸道传播使感染成为能够nAny age pig is
2、 susceptible to infection.n 一切日龄的猪都易感。nMaintained in herds by sow (primarily parity 1,2) to suckling pig contact.n 在猪群中经过母猪主要是第一、二产次母猪与哺乳仔猪n 接触导致其继续存在。nPrimary clinical problem is in growing pigs, 3 to 6 months old 主要临床问题出如今3到6月龄的生长猪群身上Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae猪肺炎支原体nLong incubation period 10 to 16 w
3、eeks 长埋伏期10-16周nSlow spread 缓慢传播nLarge numbers present in the early stages of diseasen 大量的病例出现于疾病的早期阶段。nDisease onset is gradual coughing for weeks to months n 疾病的发病是渐进性的咳嗽可继续数周到数月nDisease course is markedly affected by concurrent or secondary infections n 疾病的进程明显受并发或继发感染的影响nHigh variation in virule
4、nce n 病原毒力差别很大What does M.hyopneumoniae do? 猪肺炎支原体有什么影响？猪肺炎支原体有什么影响？nColonizes tracheal epithelium 病原定居于气管上皮细胞nDestroys cilia in tracheobronchi, interferes with clearance mechanisms n 摧毁气管、支气管上皮的纤毛，干扰气管的去除机制nInterferes with macrophage activity 干扰了巨噬细胞活性nMononuclear peribronchial infiltration n 单核细胞在
5、支气管周围浸润nProduces lesions of pneumonia 呵斥肺炎的病变nMay be severe in susceptible animals 对易打动物能够有严重后果nProduces slight ADG 导致猪平均日增重的细微下降nAllows bacterial superinfections -Pasteurella, Strep, Actinobacillusn 易发生细菌的双重感染巴氏杆菌、链球菌、放线菌Immunohistochemical stain免疫组化染色Diagnosis 诊断nGross lesions in lungs 肺部的眼观病变nwel
6、l-demarcated, anteroventral, especially early in disease (7- 28 days) 界限清楚、前腹叶、特别是在病变早期nHistopathology 组织病理学nSpecific and recognizable lesions 特异性和可辨识的病变nDistinguish from SIV 与猪流感相区别nDetection of organism by PCR, frozen section FA, immunohistochemistry, culturen 经过聚合酶链式反响检测病原、冰冻切片的荧光抗体检测、免疫组织化学、病原培育
7、nSerology 血清学MhypHistopathology 组织病理学Diagnosis 诊断诊断nCulture is difficult 培育困难nFastidious, contamination by other Mycoplasma sp.n 对培育要求苛刻，易受其他支原体的污染nHigh sensitivity in the early stages of disease 在疾病的早期阶段有高灵敏度nOrganism numbers decline over the course of the diseasen 病原数量在整个疾病过程中都在逐渐下降nPCR nested vs
8、non-nested 聚合酶链式反响套式与非套式nRoutine, rapid 常规、快速检验nTracheobronchial swabs or lung lavage 支气管沾取物或肺部灌洗物nNot upper respiratory tract, nasal swabs less sensitive n不要用上呼吸道采样，鼻拭出物敏感性较差nPositive results correlated with 阳性结果与以下要素有关nPresence of clinical signs, lung lesions, eventual seroconversionn 临床特征的存在、肺部病变
9、、最终的血清学变化 Immunoflurescence免疫荧光 Diagnosis 诊断nSerology is a measure of response to natural infection or vaccinationn 血清学检验结果是衡量机体对自然感染或疫苗免疫应对的规范Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serology 猪肺炎支原体的血清学nSerum antibody 血清抗体nDelayed and variable seroconversion, 2 to 8 wks post-infectionn 延迟和产生血清学变化，感染后2到8周 nELISA 酶联
10、免疫吸附nTween 20 ELISA 吐温20酶联免疫吸附nWhole cell membrane protein antigen 全细胞膜外表蛋白抗原nCross-reactions with non-pathogenic M. floccularen 与无致病性的絮状支原体有交叉反响nAntibodies peak 5-7 weeks post infection. Seropositive 1 year later (25% at 8-12 months) n 抗体顶峰出如今感染后5-7周，1年后仍呈血清学阳性有25坚持8-12个月nDAKO ELISA DAKO酶联免疫吸附nMono
11、clonal antibody, species-specific epitope 74 kD protein antigenn 支原体抗体，种属特异性的长度为74kD的单抗原决议簇蛋白抗原 nHigher specificity 高度特异性nBoth have unexpected/false positive results 都有出现非预期/假阳性结果的能够nRepeated serological tests, clinical signs, lesions at necropsy or slaughter.n 反复血清学检验、临床病症、剖检或屠宰中发现的病变 Evaluating pr
12、evalence流行情况的评价nSlaughter checks 屠宰检查ncheck approximately 30 pigs 检查约30头猪nas near as possible to 180 days 尽能够接近180日龄的猪nat approximately same age 在日龄根本相近的猪身上nCough index 咳嗽的察看nobserve 2 pens or 40 pigs 察看两栏或40头猪nobserve for 5 minutes 察看5分钟nalways same time of day 总在一天的同一时间察看ncount coughs/minute 记算每分钟
13、咳嗽次数nrecognize that cough indicates onset of pneumonia, not infection and that cough does not give etiologic differentiationn 区分咳嗽是肺炎初起的反响、非感染性咳嗽和无法给出病原的咳嗽间的区别nBacterium profile 细菌学剖面nUse PCR from nasal swabs 用聚合酶链式反响分辩鼻拭出物的细菌nRecognize that positive pigs may not be sick or infectious n 要认识到阳性猪能够并没有
14、该病或被感染Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系统病的复合感染nM hyo 肺炎支原体nplus commonly detected bacterian 其他通常检出菌 nP. multocida, H parasuis, S suis, Actinomyces, etc.n多杀性巴氏杆菌、嗜血杆菌、链球菌、放线杆菌等nplus commonly detected virusesn 其他通常检出病毒nPRRS, PCV-2, Influenza, PRCV, etc.n 蓝耳病、猪圆环病毒型、流感、伪狂犬病毒等Lung from a pig with porcine r
15、espiratory disease complex due to PRRSV, M. hyo., and P. multocida 由蓝耳病病毒、肺炎支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌导致的猪呼吸道病复合感染猪的肺部Respiratory Disease Complex呼吸系统病的复合感染nEssentially a delayed presentation of mycoplasman 必然推迟支原体的疾病表现nUsually seen in late finishing stagesn 通常出如今育成猪阶段的后期nThis complicated form is more severe than u
16、ncomplicated enzootic pneumonian 有复合感染的情形远较非复合性感染的地方性流行性肺炎nTreatment and control are difficult 治疗和控制都很困难nVaccinate sows 疫苗免疫母猪nVaccinate pigs for M hyo 肺炎支原体疫苗免疫猪nGilt acclimation, ensure that gilts have high immunity and low sheddingn 后备母猪的环境顺应，确保后备母猪有高免疫力和低散毒率。Serology 血清学nSerology is a measure of
17、 immune response either natural or vaccine induced. It does not predict protective effects.n 血清学检验结果是衡量免疫应对的规范不论是自然感染还是疫苗诱导。但是它并不能预期疫苗的维护效果nHigher seroprevalence in lower parity sows.n 在低产次母猪中有更高的血清学发病率。nColostral antibody decay from 30 to 63 daysn 母源抗体的衰竭从30开场到63天终了nColostral antibodies may provide
18、 partial protection against experimental challenge and natural disease.n 母源抗体能够提供了部分维护以对抗在实验和自然疾病的感染。nSerum profile 血清学曲线nsample lots of 10 pigs of different agesn 从10头猪的不同日龄采取大量血清样品ntest serum for antibodiesn 检测血清中的抗体ndetermine seroconversionn 确定血清学变化nrecognize that seroconversion in M hyo is very
19、delayedn 认识到肺炎支原体的血清学变化的出现具有很大的时延性。Treatment for M. hyo肺炎支原体的治疗nTiamulin 泰妙灵n15 mg/kg x 3 days IM15毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注n30 ppm in the feed 30ppm拌料nLincomycin 林可霉素n10 mg/kg x 3 days IM 10毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注n100 mg/ton treatment 100毫克/吨 治疗剂量n40 gm/ton control 40克/吨 控制剂量nTylan 泰乐菌素n8 mg/kg x 3 days IM - not licensed
20、for treatment 8毫克/公斤体重3天 肌注不允许用于治n100 gm/ton - effectiveness? 100克/吨 治疗剂量有效？nTylan/Sulfa泰乐菌素/磺胺类药物n100 gm/ton tylosin & 100 gm/ton Sulfamethazine n 100克/吨泰乐菌素和100克/吨磺胺二甲基嘧啶nTetracyclines 四环素类n400gm/ton Chlortetracycline 400克/吨金霉素n20 mg/kg Oxytetracycline IM 20毫克/公斤体重土霉素 肌注 n50mg/kg Tetracycline HCI
21、PC 50毫克/公斤体重盐酸四环素nVery good for prophylaxis 有很好的预防效果Treatment for P. multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌的治疗nSulfas磺胺类药nSulfadimethoxine 磺胺二甲氧基嘧啶nSulfamethazine - residues! 磺胺二甲基嘧啶残留问题！nSulfathiazole 磺胺塞唑nGiven in drinking water 3-5d 饮水投药3-5天nLincomycin -no direct effect on Pasteurellan 林可霉素对巴氏杆菌没有直接作用nSpectinomycin壮观霉
22、素n10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤体重 肌注nTetracyclines - See Mycoplasma 四环素类见支原体章节nAmpicillin 氨苄青霉素n10 mg/kg IM 10毫克/公斤体重 肌注nTrimethoprim/Sulfa 磺胺增效剂/磺胺nIn drinking water-not labeled in USA 饮水投药美国没有给药规范Control 控制nRisk factors 风险要素风险要素nPresence of virulent organismn 强致病力病原的存在强致病力病原的存在nImmunosuppressive virusesn 免疫
23、抑制性病毒免疫抑制性病毒nAnimals from many sourcesn 多来源动物多来源动物nContinuous flow productionn 延续流水线消费延续流水线消费nExcessive density 过高豢养密度过高豢养密度nOpen pen partitions n 开放式栏舍分隔设计开放式栏舍分隔设计nPoor biosecurity n 不佳的生物平安措施不佳的生物平安措施nInappropriate timing of vaccines or medications n不合理的疫苗免疫或用药时机不合理的疫苗免疫或用药时机nControl 控制控制nALL IN/
24、ALL OUT 全进全进/全出全出nOffsite productionn 猪场外消费猪场外消费nSingle source animalsn 动物单一来源动物单一来源nMinimize mixing and sortingn 最少的混群程度和最小的挑最少的混群程度和最小的挑选程度选程度nWean early 早期断奶早期断奶nNo cross-fostering after 24 hoursn 在出生后在出生后24小时不要交叉哺小时不要交叉哺乳乳nProper ventilation and adequate spacen 良好的通风和足够的豢养空间良好的通风和足够的豢养空间nDo not keep poor-doing pigsn 不要保管消费才干不佳的猪不要保管消费才干不佳的猪Eradication of M.Hyopneumoniae肺炎支原体的根除nTo follow 如下
