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1、语法专题-定语从句考点聚焦1.定语从句引导词的确定.2.非限制性定语从句的判定.3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别.知识链接知识链接一.基本知识二.关系代词和关系副词的确定三.只用that不用which的情况四.只用which而不用that的几种场合五.只用who而不用that的几种场合六.Which和whose作定语的区别七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法基本知识定语从句:修饰其某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.先行词:被从句修饰的词叫先行词.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.一一. 基本知识基本知识关系词关系代词有that,
2、 which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有when,where,why等.作用(1)引导定语从句:(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分.例句:THE MAN WHO IS SHAKING HANDS WITH MY FATHER IS A POLICEMAN.在该句中, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句.先行词“the man ,who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man ,在定语从句中作主语 二.关系代词和关系副词的确定1.当先行词指人时,在定语从句中作主语用who/that,作宾语用whom/th
3、at,作定语用whose2.当先行词指物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which/that,作定语用whose .4.当先行词指地点时,在定语从句中作状语用where,作主语或宾语用which/that.3.当先行词指时间时, 在定语从句中作状语用when,作主语或宾语用which/that.5.当先行词指原因时, 在定语从句中作状语用WHY,作主语或宾语用WHICH/THAT.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略;当第一个定语从句的关系代词作宾语省略时,第二个引导定语从句的用作宾语的关系代词则不可省略.eg :The West Lake
4、, which Huangzhou is famous for ,is a beautiful place.HAVE A TRY指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语宾语定语宾语HAVE A TRY5. His par
5、ents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked.7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. 8. We shall never the days when we lived together.(定语 )( 介宾 )( 宾语)(状语)典型赏析 (try you best please)(1)Thats an unpleasant thing to say about
6、your father after _hes done for you.(NMET2004)A. Something B. anything C. all D. that C(2) What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004.湖北)A.the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichA(3) I work in a business_ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(2004湖北) A.
7、how B. which C. where D. thatC(4) Anyway, that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.(2004浙江)A. when B. where C. what D. whichD(省略that)inYou are excellent studentsCome on 三.只用THAT不用WHICH的情况1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。如：the first text that we are t
8、o learn is very difficult.2.当先行词是不定代词时。如all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, none, nothing, no one, some等。eg: Im interested in everything that I dont know.3.当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very. the right, the last, few, just等修饰时
9、。 eg: Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.(1)This is the very place_ Im going to live in next month. A. where B. which C. that D. in whichC(2)I have found the same boy_ I met with last meek. A. as B. that C. when D. thanB9.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时.如:The village is no longer the poor place that it used
10、to be .8.当先行词前有such或the same修饰,先行词和关系代词指同一物时.如:This is the same pen that I used yesterday.5.当主句上以WHO或WHICH开始的特殊疑问句时.如:WHO IS THE BOY THAT WAS HERE JUST NOW.6.在there be 或there live 结构中,用that 引导且多省略.如:There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 7.当先行词是way, moment,
11、time, reason, distance等时用that,且常省略.如:I dont know the (that) he looked at me.4.如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时。如：We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals (that) you are thinking about. 四.只用which而不用that的几种场合1.关系代词前有代词时候.如:This is the room in which we lived last yesr.2.引导非限制性定语从句时.如:His dog, which wa
12、s now very old,became ill and died 3.先行词后有插入语时.如:Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you ,will help improve your English. 4.当先行词本身that时.如:Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?1.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.(NMET2001) A. he B. this C. which D
13、. who2.We were next-door neighbours for years, during _time we met only twice. A .which B. this C. which D. who CA五.只用who而不用that的几种场合1.先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, none等.如:Those who are against put up your hands. Wed better not believe in anyone who we dont know.2.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特
14、定名词时.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers sister. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时.如:Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.Anyone _ breaks the law should be punished. A. who B. that C. which D. whomA 六. Which和whose作定语的区别两者皆可在定语从句中作定语,但which只用于非限制性定语从
15、句中,仅指物,且要接一个对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词;whose +名词=the+名词+of+ whom/which. 试比较 (1) Mary is studying Chinese, which knowledge is very important now. (2) We live in the room, whose window is broken . (the window of which is broken) 七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面1.若先行词指代明确时,如专有名词和独一 无二的人或事物.Hangzhou, which we visited last year, i
16、s one of the most beautiful cities in China.2.若关系代词作复合介词的宾语时.如:He had his right leg broken in playing football, because of which he couldnt attend school.3.若关系代词作of 的宾语,且of 前有数词.代词或名词时.如:The tree, the branches of which are almost bare, is a very old one.4.当先行词指代主语的整个概念时.如:She is extremely popular wi
17、th her students, which is common knowledge.指点迷津指点迷津:AS与与WHICH引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引两者均可引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句，有从句，有时可以可以互互换，但下列情况多用，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代关系代词引引导的定的定语从句居句首从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用用时，一般用，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
18、 I have the same plan as you.GO ON PLEASE!3. 当从句和主句当从句和主句语义一致一致时，用，用as，反，反之之则用用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.GO ON PLEASE!4. as在从句中作主在从句中作主语时，后面常接行，后面常接行为动词的被的被动语态，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行等，如从句中行为动词是主是主动语态，一般要用，一般要用which作主
19、作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法1. “介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因、状语,相当于关系副词when, where, why.2.“介词（短语）+which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。3. .“介词（短语）+which/whom+there be”在定语从句中表示存在的地点状语。4. “介词+which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。5
20、. “不定代词或数词或名词+of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语.6. “介词+which”修饰后面的名词作定语.7.“介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句.8.介词的确定由定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配决定.如(1)The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. (2)He stood near the window through which you could see the small river. Shes the very person in whose pocket I f
21、ound my lost watch. Who is the man to whom Tom was just now talking?介词介词+关系代词关系代词* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the w
22、indows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD九.Where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别hWhere 引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词.在某些情况下,我们可以将其进行转换.试比较1.I still remember the bus stop Where I met you the first
23、day .2.You should leave the toy where you can find apace.十.定语从句和强调结构的判断在“it is/was +名词+引导词+从句”中,若将it is/was 及引导词去掉,剩余部分仍然组成完整句子时.这便是强调结构,否则就是定语从句.It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. Because B. which C. since D. thatD CAN YOU WORK THEM OUT?Fill in th
24、e blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?withoutaboutonforWell done!
