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1、句句子子的的类类型型简单句简单句(simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)exercises简单句只有一个限定动词（即简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。小的句子单位。Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语+ 宾语+宾语 宾补表语宾语(间)+宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe
2、+ adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.简单句简单句（六种句型）（六种句型）1、主语、主语+谓语谓语2、主语、主语+系动词系动词+表语表语3、
3、主语、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语4、 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语）直接宾语（双宾语）5、主语、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补（复合宾语）宾补（复合宾语） 6、There be +主语主语+地点状语地点状语The rain stopped.We are students.They like English.He gave me a beautiful gift=He gave a beautiful gift to me.We must keep the classroom clean.There is a book, a pen and some pencils on
4、 the desk.There are two chairs, a desk and a bed in my room.exercises请请说出下列句子类型。说出下列句子类型。1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语谓语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语）直接宾语（双宾语）主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾
5、宾补（复合宾语）补（复合宾语） 1st Homework 1.Try to make at least one sentence of each type of the six types of SIMPLE SENTENCES.2. Or translate the following sentences.1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。3.我的堂妹正在做数学作业。我的堂妹正在做数学作业。4.王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉字典。字典。5.他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟.6.我们学校有一个公共游泳池我们
6、学校有一个公共游泳池1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。3.我的堂妹正在做数学作业。我的堂妹正在做数学作业。4.王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉字典。王叔叔给他的儿子买了一本英汉字典。5.他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟他们不允许人们在候客室抽烟.6.我们学校有一个公共游泳池我们学校有一个公共游泳池1.You should study hard.2.This box weighs five kilos.3.My cousin is doing maths exercises. 4.Uncle Wang bought his son an English-Chine
7、se dictionary.5.They dont allow people to smoke in the waiting room.6.There is a public swimming pool in our school.简单句的基本成分的修饰语简单句的基本成分的修饰语:1. 定语定语：即用来修饰：即用来修饰句子的主语、宾语句子的主语、宾语 (名词名词或代词或代词 )的单词、短语或从句的单词、短语或从句2. 状语状语：即用来修饰：即用来修饰句子的谓语句子的谓语 (及物动词、及物动词、不及物动词或短语）不及物动词或短语）或或整个句子整个句子 的成分的成分（单词（单词 、短语或从句）、短
8、语或从句）。简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份 / 简单句的主语、宾语简单句的主语、宾语 (名词或代词名词或代词 )可以加上一可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，个短语（如定语）来扩展， 谓语谓语 (及物动词、不及物动词及物动词、不及物动词或短语）或短语）也可以也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。附属成分附属成分定定 语语1.John went towards a hospital slowly .2.John often came to chat with me3.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.4. As he w
9、as ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.1. Poor John went towards a hospital nearby2.Have you seen the book on the desk?3.The boy playing over there is my brother.4.People that/who want to be healthy like sports.状状 语语exercises定定 语语1.She likes green apples imported from the USA .2.John gave Mary man
10、y books，which are full of pictures .状状 语语1.John likes oranges very much2.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.3.My father worked in this school ten years ago.4.Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryback并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号;把把两个或几个简单句两个或几个简单句用用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，则
11、构成一个并列句。起来，则构成一个并列句。用分号：用分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.并并列列句句1、He is a teacher but I am a doctor. 2. Hurry up, or you will be lat
12、e. 3. Either you are mad or he is.4. Not only is he an actor but also he is a director. 5. Neither are they farmers nor they are workers. 6. They first worked as doctors and later they worked as writers. 7. I was doing housework while he was playing chess.两个简单句的主语可以两个简单句的主语可以 由连词由连词and、but、both.and、
13、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary i
14、s not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary i
15、s flying to York.主主语语、谓谓语语、宾宾语语的的合合并并两个简单句的宾语可由两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连等连词连接组成一个简单句。接组成一个简单句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or h
16、er husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主主语语、谓谓语语、宾宾语语的的合合并并并并列列句句并列句的词序：并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。的词序。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 连词连词 主语主语 动词动词 表语表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wa
17、snt hurt.五种简单句型可用五种简单句型可用并列连词并列连词连接起来组成并列句。连接起来组成并列句。 主主 谓谓 状（方式）状（方式） 连连 主主 谓谓 表表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主主 谓谓 宾宾 连连 主主 谓谓 地点地点I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 连连 主主 谓谓 宾宾They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordi
18、nating conjunctions平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also,neither norbut, however, while, yet, for, so, therefore, thus,or, eitheror, Exercise (Homework):请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。列句。1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid beh
19、ind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball.Exercise (Homework):请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was
20、tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.Mary
21、 is opening the door , and John is greeting her guests.5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball.I like volleyball, while my brother likes basketball.backHomework:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句并列句。1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was a
22、fraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball. 复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。 从属连词所引导的句子因在主句中充当主语、从属连词所引导的句子因在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分（相当于
23、起名词、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分（相当于起名词、形容词、副词等的作用），就分别被称之为：形容词、副词等的作用），就分别被称之为： 1. 主语从句主语从句 2. 宾语从句宾语从句 3. 表语从句表语从句 4. 定语从句定语从句 5. 状语从句状语从句 6. 同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一它
24、必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在个主句连用，不能独立存在.复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句从句从句主句主句By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句练习练习: 请分别指出下列句子的主句和从句：请分别指出下列句子的主句和从句：1、He is a man who is easy to work with.2. I dont know whether he will come tomorrow.3. When I saw him , he was washing cloth
25、es.4. That he came made us happy.5. The news that he won the first is true.6. The question is where we should go tomorrow.复复合合句句复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money
26、 without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句I dont know him.who he is . that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washingt
27、on.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting i
28、n the room.who were present.whose sons were at school.who had signed the contract.复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句That is the fact.表表 语语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句He worked in that factory
29、three years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father also worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found
30、it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.exercises复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句Prac
31、tice复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句=主句主句+从句从句Homework: 1. 用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。1. He has found out. She was late. (why)2. I still remember the day. I first went to New York on that day. (when)Next2. 将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。1. He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因原因)2.Ill give
32、the letter to him. I see him. （时间时间）3.It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果结果）4.Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件条件) 5.We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）连接句子。连接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I st
33、ill remember the day. I first went to York on that day. I still remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday. He was ill. He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him. I see him. It is such a big box. No
34、body can move it. Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the tim
35、e.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.back由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句
36、连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复复合合句句小小结结复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句 =主句主句+从句从句I am busy.I am busy washing but my husband is playing Majiang with them.Although I am busy wa
37、shing , my husband is playing Majiang with them.简单句简单句复合句复合句并列句并列句说出下面的句子是说出下面的句子是简单句、简单句、并列句、并列句、还是还是复合句复合句1. 澳门是一座小城市，它坐落在广东以南。澳门是一座小城市，它坐落在广东以南。2. 我们一大早就出发了我们一大早就出发了.3. 虽然天要下雨虽然天要下雨,他还是拒绝带伞他还是拒绝带伞.4. 我最喜欢英语和计算机并且我很擅长我最喜欢英语和计算机并且我很擅长.5. 我们所有的人干得都很卖力我们所有的人干得都很卖力,我们的衣服被我们的衣服被汗水湿透了汗水湿透了.用适当的句式翻译下列句子用
38、适当的句式翻译下列句子:1.Macao is a small city, which lies to the south of Guangdong.2. Early in the morning we set out.3. He refused to take his umbrella with him though it was beginning to rain.4. I like English and computer best and Im very good at them.5. All of us worked so hard that our clothes got wet t
39、hrough with sweat. 1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。大的变化。 Homework: 用适当的句式翻译下列句子用适当的句式翻译下列句子:1.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的在过去的十
40、年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. You should study hard. She went home very late yesterday evening.That morning we talked a great deal.The meeting will last two hours.简单句翻译简单句翻译:back 6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7. 1919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“
41、五五.四四”运动。运动。 8.每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。 9.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。 Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day. This box weighs five kilos. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 11.爱丽丝很会游泳
42、。爱丽丝很会游泳。 12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Alice swims very well.Johns father died last night. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.
