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1、人教课标人教课标高二高二 选修选修 6 Unit 19/21/2024动词的语气简介：动词的语气简介： 语气语气表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的在英语中，可用不同的动词形式动词形式表示说话的语气。表示说话的语气。动词的三种语气：动词的三种语气：1、陈述语气陈述语气: 所表达的动作或状态是符合所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实客观现实的。的。 e.g. Flowers blossom in the spring. He played the piano well.2、祈使语气祈使语气: 表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。表示号召、
2、命令、请求、劝告等。 e.g. Let us help you. Keep off the grass.3、虚拟语气虚拟语气: 与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑 推测、祝愿等。推测、祝愿等。虚拟语气虚拟语气 在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。等。虚拟语气的运用虚拟语气的运用 1）if 真实条件句真实条件句 2）if
3、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句）错综条件句 4）省略）省略 if 的倒装句的倒装句 5）含蓄条件句（）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词等后）不定式，分词等后） 1、在、在if条件从句中的运用条件从句中的运用1、if条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off) .构成构成从句：从句：一般现在时一般现在时 主句：主句：将来时将来时rainswill be put off1）if真实条件句真实条件句一、虚拟语气用于一、虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(1) 表示与表示与现在事实相反现在
4、事实相反的假设的假设, 条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”, 而而主句主句中中的谓语动词的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形动词原形”。 虚拟语气虚拟语气e.g. If I were a boy, I would join the army.If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b.
5、If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenc. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask(2) 与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用
6、had 过去分词过去分词, 构成构成 If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的过去分词的形式；形式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) / could / might have 动词过去分词。动词过去分词。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b
7、. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone(3) 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的谓语用从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do 或或should do 形式形式, 主句谓语用主句
8、谓语用should(第一人称第一人称) /would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词原形。动词原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear pow
9、er.b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be练习练习：1. If I _ (know) her address, I would write to her.2. What would you have done if you_(miss) the t
10、rain?3. If he _ (not be ill ), he would have done something.4. If it _(snow)tomorrow, we _(get up) early.5. If you had asked him yesterday, you_ (know) what to do now.knewhad missedhad not been illwere to /should snow/ snowedshould get upwould know 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因
11、时这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同间不同而不同, 这叫做这叫做混合条件句混合条件句。e.g. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.例句中从句与过去事实相反例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在主句与现在事实相反。事实相反。If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.If he _ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt ; would g
12、o B.hadnt hurt; would have goneC.didnt hurt; would go D.didnt hurt; would have gone 错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。一致。 e.g. If she hadnt studied hard, she wouldnt speak so well now.Maybe if I _ science, and notliterature then, I would be able to giveyou more help.A. studied
13、B. would studyC. had studiedD. was studyingCHad you taken the doctors advice yesterday, you _ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have beenC4)省略省略if的倒装句的倒装句e.g. If they were here, they would help us.如果从句中有如果从句中有were，should，had等词，等词， 可省略可省略if，并把并把were，should，had放在句首进行倒装。放在句首进行倒装。If you had
14、 come earlier, nothing would have happened.Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.Were they here, they would help us._ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive_ it not been
15、 for the free ticket, I would not have gone to the cinema.A. Were B. ShouldC. If D. Had D5)含蓄条件句含蓄条件句假设情况不以假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with, without，but for，but， otherwise等。等。e.g. I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. But for your hel
16、p, I would not have the chance to go to school. If you had not helped meIf I had not lost her phone number but for要不是要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would
17、be impossible to live in the desert.I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture.A.had attended B.would have attendedC.would attend D.attended Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have saidD- Sorry
18、for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam, I _ 20 minutes earlier.- Never mind. I havent been waiting that long.A. arrivedB. would arriveC. would have arrivedD. had arrivedCI _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB. didnt goC. wouldnt goD. hadnt goneA
19、I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have comeDBob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was busy B. is busyC. had been busyD. will be busyA条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在 过去时过去时(were)would/could/should/might +v. (原
20、原)总结：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用总结：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用 法。法。条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓从句的谓语形式语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去 过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might + have + p.p.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语从句的谓语形式形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来未来1. 过去时过去时2. should + v.3. were to dowould/could/ should/ might + v. (原原)关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析1关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析2 2关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气
21、辩辩析析3 3关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析4 4关于虚拟语气关于虚拟语气 辩析辩析5 5二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. 在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中, 表示与表示与现在或过去的事实相反现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的或对将来的主观愿望主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。1) 表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用动词一般用were) 。I wish I were as tall as you.I wish/wished I hadnt
22、eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟: 从句动从句动词常用词常用“had过去分词过去分词”。(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would动词原形动词原形”。注意注意: 主句的主句的主语主语与从句的与从句的主语不能相主语不能相同同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿愿(非动物名词除外非动物名词除外)。e.g. 但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。 I wish you would come so
23、on.I wish it would rain tomorrow.wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句,表示但愿表示但愿. “希望希望”与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反宾语从句宾语从句动词过去式动词过去式 (be-were)had+过去分词过去分词would+动词原形动词原形I wish I _ to talk this over with Mr. Zhang whenhe was here last night.A. had been able B. should be ableC. have been able D. were ableAI
24、wish you _ (go) soon.would go(主从句主语不一致主从句主语不一致)- Where are the children? The dinners going to be ruined.- I wish they _ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have beenA- Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with me?- I wish _, but I have an appointment.A. may B. couldC. canD. s
25、houldB2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 常见动词：常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。即即:1. insist 2.2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将should省略。省略。e.g. 我们建议汤姆去休息一下。我们
26、建议汤姆去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.e.g. 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
27、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括句包括主语从句主语从句，表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。样。即：即：(should)v.order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desiree.g. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are
28、for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. insist / suggest 不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法e.g. She insisted that she was right. 她她坚持认为坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实） His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。e.g. The look on his face suggested that h
29、e was unhappy. I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. shouldntDAll the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. wer
30、e; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated onDTeachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustnt allowD. couldnt allowA4. Its (about/high) time + (that)should +v.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。我们该去睡觉了。Its
31、time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (should不可省略不可省略)Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national examination is coming nearer.A. shall workB. will work C. workedD. have to workC5. as if / as tho
32、ugh 引导的从句引导的从句 “好象好象;似乎似乎”与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句从句动词过去式动词过去式 (be-were)had+过去分词过去分词would+动词原形动词原形He treats me as if I _ (be) a stranger. wereHe talked about the accident as if he _ (see) it.had seenIt is so cloudy. It looks as if it _ (is) going to rain.isWhen a pencil is partly
33、 in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ . A. breaks B. had brokenC. were broken D. had been brokenCThough the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _ to her while facing her friends and relations.A. happenedB. would happenC. was happenedD. had happenedD6. would rat
34、her (that)现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时I would rather she _ (not be) present now.I would rather he _ (tell) me the truth yesterday.were nothad toldId rather you _ make any comment
35、on the issue for the time being. A.dont B. wouldntC. didnt D. shouldntC7. if only 之后的从句之后的从句 “要是要是就好了就好了”与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句从句动词过去式动词过去式 (be-were)had+过去分词过去分词would+动词原形动词原形If only I _ as young as you are!A. be B. amC. were D. beingCIf only I _ (can) learn English well in a d
36、ay.If only I _ (not be) late for the interview.couldhadnt been8. 在在It is/was a pity/a shame. It is/was incredible (难以置信的难以置信的,不可思议的不可思议的) .Its strange/important/advisable/desirable. Its necessary/desired/suggested/ordered.Its no wonder等后的主语从句中等后的主语从句中谓语动词常用谓语动词常用should+动词原形动词原形(表表现在现在)表表过去过去用用 shoul
37、d + 完成式完成式. Its a shame that he should be so selfish . Its strange that she should fail the exam. It seems/is incredible that he should have finished the task so soon. Its natural that he should apologize to you. 1. It is important that we _ wild animals.A. will protect B. should protectC. shall pro
38、tect D. are protect 2. It is necessary that we _ a foreign language.A. must master B. ought to masterC. would master D. should masterBD9. 在在lest(以防以防),for fear that, in case引起的从句中谓语引起的从句中谓语动词常用动词常用should+动词原形动词原形, should 可省去可省去.He took along his raincoat lest it (should) rain. She put a coat over he
39、r husband for fear that he (should) catch cold. Bring your raincoat along in case that it _ rainthis afternoon.A. can B. mayC. should D. mustC句型练习句型练习 (用用If I were you句型翻译下句型翻译下列句子列句子)1. 我要是你的话我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2. 如果你昨天来如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3. 万一明天下雨万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4. 我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十年前认识他。5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework
