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1、Astronomy:the science of the starsBook 3 Unit 4基础知识排查重点词汇突破句法与语法突破五年高考 最新模拟1基础知识排查基础知识排查1.system n.系统；体系；制度系统；体系；制度2.in time 及时；终于及时；终于3.lay eggs 下蛋下蛋4.give birth to 产生；分娩产生；分娩5.in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人6.prevent.from 阻止；制止阻止；制止重点识记词汇7.block out 挡住挡住(光线光线)8.climate n.气候气候9.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰宗教；宗教信仰10.at
2、mosphere n.大气层；气氛大气层；气氛11.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的基本的；基础的12.thus adv.因此；于是因此；于是13.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的温和的；文雅的14.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落碰撞；坠落15.pull n.& vt.拉拉(力力)；拖；牵引力；拖；牵引力16.physicist n.物理学家物理学家17.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋18.now that 既然既然19.break out 突发；爆发突发；爆发20.watch out for密切注视；当心；提防密切注视；当心；提防21.rea
3、ction n.反应；回应反应；回应react v.反应反应22.exist vi.存在；生存存在；生存existence n.存在；生存存在；生存23.float vi.& vt.(使使)浮动；浮动；(使使)漂浮漂浮 n. .漂浮物漂浮物24.violent adj.猛猛烈烈的的；激激烈烈的的；强强暴暴的的violently adv.强强烈烈地地；激烈地；凶猛地激烈地；凶猛地violence n.暴力暴力25.theory n.学说；理论学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的理论上的26.puzzle n.谜谜；难难题题 vt.& vi.(使使)迷迷惑惑；(使使)为为难难puzz
4、led adj.迷迷惑的惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的令人迷惑的27.presence n.出出席席；到到场场；存存在在present adj.在在场场的的；目目前前的的 n. .目前；现在目前；现在 v.呈现；颁发；授予呈现；颁发；授予28.unlike prep.不不同同；不不像像like vt.喜喜欢欢；prep.相相像像的的likely adj.可能的可能的29.harmful adj.有有害害的的harm n.危危害害；害害处处 vt.损损害害；伤伤害害 harmless adj.无害的无害的30.globe n.球体；地球仪；地球球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全
5、球性的；全世界的全球性的；全世界的1.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而而当当我我试试着着向向前前迈迈步步时时，我我发发觉觉我我被被送送出出很很远远，步步子子的的跨跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了
6、。度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。必背经典句式3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。4.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地地球球变变得得如如此此激激烈烈动动荡荡以以至至于于不不知知道道这这个个固固体体形形状状是是否否会继续存在下去。会继续存在下去。( (i) )anmusician
7、/mjuzIn/ n.C音乐家；作曲家音乐家；作曲家physician /fIzIn/ n.C医生；内科医生医生；内科医生politician /pltIn/ n.C政治家；政客政治家；政客构词记忆2重点词汇突破重点词汇突破1 encourage v.鼓励；激励；促进鼓励；激励；促进应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查非谓语动词句法功能的考查encourage sb.to do.鼓励某人做鼓励某人做encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的encouragement n.鼓舞；鼓励鼓舞；鼓励discourage sb. from doing.阻止某人做阻止某人做courage n.勇气勇
8、气Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.银行积极鼓动人们贷款。银行积极鼓动人们贷款。(1)用用encourage的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.It was that he recognized the dangers the company faced.I also had friends who gave me a great deal of _.夯实基础encourageme
9、ntEncouragedencouraging(2)He was encouraged by a friend to do business online and he has made a fortune._(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子用过去分词短语作状语改写句子) Encouraged by a friend to do business online，he has made a fortune.2 lay v.放置；搁；下放置；搁；下( (蛋蛋) )；产；产( (卵卵) )应试指导形近词的变化形式形近词的变化形式lay sth. aside搁置；储蓄搁置；储蓄lay.off停止使用；解
10、雇某人停止使用；解雇某人lay out安排；布置；设计安排；布置；设计You should lay aside your feelings when judging peoples abilities.判断一个人的能力时，应该把自己的感情放在一边。判断一个人的能力时，应该把自己的感情放在一边。That factory laid off 1,000 workers.那家工厂解雇了那家工厂解雇了1 000多名工人。多名工人。图解助记特别提醒注意下列词形变化：注意下列词形变化：laylaidlaidlaying放置；产卵放置；产卵lielaylainlying躺；位于躺；位于lieliedliedl
11、ying撒谎撒谎夯实基础用用lay，lie的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)The boy that the white hen a black egg and that he it in the box which under this bed.(2)Mothers routinely babies on their backs to sleep.liedhad laid had laid was lying lay3 depend v.依赖；依靠依赖；依靠应试指导交际用语交际用语It/That depends.的考查的考查多词一义depend on，rely on，count ondepe
12、nd on/upon依靠；取决于依靠；取决于depend on sb. to do.依靠某人做依靠某人做depending on取决于取决于depend on it that.指望指望；相信；相信It/That ( (all) ) depends.视情况而定。视情况而定。The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。He depended on his writing for his income.他靠写作赚取收入。他靠写作赚取收入。夯实基础You can de
13、pend on him to help you.(1) (用用it作作形式宾语改写句子形式宾语改写句子)(2) (用用动动名名词词改改写句子写句子)You can depend on it that he will help you.You can depend on his helping you.4 in time及及 时时 ； 终终 于于( (eventually) )；迟早；迟早应试指导(1)in time的的高高级级词词汇汇为为early or late，sooner or later(迟早迟早)(2)at no time位于句首倒装位于句首倒装for the time being暂
14、时暂时 ahead of time提前提前take ones time别着急别着急Brian usually gets home in time to bath the children.布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。夯实基础用用time的相关短语填空的相关短语填空(1) did I feel they were being unreasonable.(2)I want to be home for tea.(3)Youd better do one thing ，so that you can concentrate on it.(4) ，that
15、kind of thing would have made me really angry.At one timeAt no timein time at a time5 prevent.from.阻止；抑制阻止；抑制多词一义prevent/stop/keep sb. from.，prohibit sb. from.keep sb.doing.使某人一直做使某人一直做protect sb.from.保护某人不受保护某人不受的侵袭的侵袭Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.进一步的治疗将阻止癌症恶化。进一步的治疗将阻止癌症恶化
16、。We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening.我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。特别提醒上述短语中的上述短语中的from在被动语态中都不可省略。在被动语态中都不可省略。夯实基础语法填空语法填空(1)Nothing would prevent him from (speak) out against injustice.(2)The laws protect everyone here from _ (attack)being attacke
17、dspeaking6 cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋应试指导交际用语中的用法交际用语中的用法cheer sb. up使某人高兴使某人高兴cheer.on为为加油加油cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的高兴的；快乐的Cheers！干杯！干杯！Cheer up！Youre bound to succeed.打起精神来！你一定会成功的。打起精神来！你一定会成功的。I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。夯实基础用用cheer短语的适当形式填空短语的适当形式填空(1)I thi
18、nk he misses her terribly.You might him .(2)Most people would like their favorite players.to cheer on cheerup3句法与语法突破句法与语法突破1 They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最最终终产产生生了了二二氧氧化化碳碳、氮氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。气、水蒸气
19、和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句型公式be to dobe to do有五层意义：有五层意义：(1)表示预定，表示预定，“预定预定”，相当于，相当于be going to do。(2)表示义务，表示义务，“应该应该”，相当于，相当于should。(3)表示可能，表示可能，“会做会做”，相当于，相当于can/could。(4)表表示示命命运运，“注注定定”(通通常常用用于于过过去去时时，描描述述过过去去的事实的事实)。(5)用于用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。，引导对将来的虚拟语气。He is to return from Germany tomorrow.他明天
20、将从德国回来。他明天将从德国回来。You are to be back by 9 oclock.你要在你要在9点以前回家。点以前回家。夯实基础(1)When for home?你什么时候回家？你什么时候回家？(2)She next month.她将于下个月结婚。她将于下个月结婚。(3)You to the police.你应该报警。你应该报警。 are you to leaveis to be married are to report2 .I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我我发发觉觉我我被被送送
21、出出很很远远，步步子子的的跨跨度度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。句型公式倍数表达法倍数表达法倍数的表达方式：倍数的表达方式：( (1) )倍数倍数as.as.( (2) )倍数比较级倍数比较级than( (3) )倍数倍数the size/height/length/width.of.( (4) )倍数倍数what从句从句( (5) )倍数倍数that of.Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。北京是我家乡的十倍大。In our county now the grain outpu
22、t is six times that of before liberation.现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。夯实基础(1)The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one. (用用“倍数比较级倍数比较级”改写句子改写句子)_ (用用“倍数倍数then.of.”改写句子改写句子)(2)Its said that the power plant is now _ _(以前的两倍大以前的两倍大) The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow
23、one. The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.what it wastwice as large as 3 “Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“”“天天啊啊，”我我大大声声地说，地说，“既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。”句型公式now that引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句now that既既然然，由由于于，是是连连词词词词组组，引引
24、导导原原因因状状语语从从句句，表表示示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。常可省略。其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：because因为因为( (语气较重，常用于回答语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问的疑问) )since因为；既然因为；既然( (可与可与now that互换互换) )as因为因为( (语气较弱语气较弱) )for因因为为( (并并列列连连词词，引引导导一一个个分分句句，不不能能置置于于句句首首，表表示示进进一一步步补充说明补充说明) )due to，because of，on account of，owing
25、to，thanks to，as a result of等等Now that the children have known the result，we can tell everyone else.既既然然孩孩子子们们已已经经知知道道结结果果了了，我我们们就就可可以以告告诉诉其其他人了。他人了。夯实基础语法填空语法填空(1) youre here，why not have a drink?(2) it is late，I shall go home now.(3)The school was moved out of downtown the number of students had gr
26、own too large.(4)It must have rained last night， the ground is wet.forNow that/SinceSinceas4 单元语法单元语法用主语从句改写下列句子用主语从句改写下列句子(1)She left him something that cut him to the heart. cut him to the heart.(2)Something that seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. seems difficult to others.(3)Is
27、he coming or not？It is still uncertain.It is still uncertain .whether he is coming or notWhat she left himWhat seems easy to some people(4)Why did he do it？It remains a mystery. remains a mystery.(5)Something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.It is pretty well under
28、stood.It is pretty well understood _. that something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere todayWhy he did it4五年高考五年高考 最新模拟最新模拟高考题组.短文改错 (2012浙江浙江) Two years before，I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate，I had an accident and hit another car，and I needed to
29、stay in a hospital for at least two week.I called my parents，so I did not tell them what had happened.I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.As a
30、 result，nobody knew truth.I still think that it was the right thing to do.答案.写作常用句翻译1为为了了鼓鼓励励学学生生进进行行户户外外锻锻炼炼，我我们们学学校校在在4月月10日日组组织织了了一一次次爬山活动。爬山活动。(encourage) (2013江西江西书面表达书面表达)_2所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。(in time)(2013山东山东写作写作)_In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exer
31、cise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.Therefore，I couldnt spare enough time to write you back in time.3沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴地又跳又叫。沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴地又跳又叫。(cheer)(2013江西江西书面表达书面表达)_4否则它会立刻失去平衡并最终撞向地面。否则它会立刻失去平衡并最终撞向地面。(eventually)(2012上海上海书面表达书面表达)_5再怎么感谢我们的老师都不过分。再怎么感谢我们的老师都不过分。(too much)(2012广东广东
32、读写任务读写任务)_Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.Otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground.We can never thank our teachers too much.模拟题组.语法填空1.If our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on .2.There was a (puzzle)
33、look on her face.3.The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere _ everybody felt free to share his ideas.4.Our city has experienced twice much rain this year it did last year.asourselvespuzzledwhere as5.Now youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.6.The manager wants to see changes in
34、 the company，and I am sure he will time.7.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she (live) there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.were to livethatin8.The limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but he reaches these limits will dep
35、end on his environment.9.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from (attack) in the South China Sea.10.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.to be cheeredwheth
36、erbeing attacked.单句改错1.General speaking，he is a smart boy except his carelessness. _2.His 17th book will have published by the end of next month. _ 3.The river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things being floating on the water. _GeneralGenerallyhave后加上后加上been 去掉去掉being4.Whether lif
37、e will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend whether this problem can be solved. _5.If you put your heart into it，youll succeed on time._6.As time going by, I began to realize what I did was wrong. _depend后加后加ononinAsWith 或或goingwent7.The problem of pollution is worth payin
38、g attention._8.This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice._9.You shouldnt pay too much attention to your reading skill，as it is so important. _10.Its no longer a question now that whether man can land on the moon. _attention后加上后加上tosuchsoshouldntcant去掉去掉whether.写作句式升级训练We created a harmonious atmosphere sincerely and faithfully. (素材来源于素材来源于2014江西江西书面表达书面表达)_(用用含含有有withn.的的强强调调句句改改写句子写句子)It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
