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1、语法语法专题专题语法规划语法规划1stweek句子成分代词冠词形容词和副词语义辨析2ndweek动词和动词词组动词的时态和语态非谓语动词情态动词和虚拟语气定语从句和名词性从句3rdweek并列句和状语从句特殊句式被动语态被动语态语态主动语态主语：动作的执行者被动语态主语：动作的承受者我们的任务我们的任务语境各时态构成主动变被动主动表被动被动语态的构成被动语态的构成肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by)The child is well loved by people.否定句主语 + be not + 过去分词 + (by)The child is not loved by peopl
2、e.一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by)Is the child loved by people?特殊疑问句疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by)Who is loved by people?bebe + + 过去分词过去分词 各司其职各司其职一般进行完成现在amis lovedareamis being lovedarehave been loved过去was lovedwerewas being lovedwerehad been loved 将来shall be lovedwillshall have been lovedwill过去将来时should b
3、e lovedwouldshould have been lovedwould体现时态体现语态do - am/is/are donedid - was/were done现在很多中国人说英语。Many Chinese speak English. English is spoken by many Chinese. 过去只有欧洲人说英语。Only Europeans spoke English. English was only spoken by Europeans. be doing be being done她正在写作业。She is writing her homework. The
4、homework is being written by her. 她那时正在写作业。She was writing her homework. The homework was being written by her. will do will be donehave done have been done她将会叫醒这只猫。She will wake up the cat. The cat will be woken up by her. 她已经叫醒这只猫。She has woken up the cat. The cat has been woken up by her. 她必须叫醒这只
5、猫。She must wake up the cat. The cat must be woken up by her. 情态动词的被动：情态动词+be done1、历史是人民创造的。History _ by people.2、埃菲尔铁塔建成于1889年。The Eiffel Tower _ in 1889.3、刘翔也将被邀请去拍广告和电影。Liu Xiang _ to appear in advertisements and films.4、Toby说6个月后新旅馆就好建好的。（一般过去将来时）Toby said the new hotel _ in six months.5、一条新的铁路正
6、在修建中。A new railway _.即时演练is made was built will also be invitedwould be builtis being built6、路那时正在拓宽。The roads _ then.7、他们已经植树了。The trees _ already.8、我到那儿时，火车已经开了。The train _ when I got there.9、到明年更多的地铁线路将建好。More subway lines _ by next year.were being widenedhave been plantedhad leftwill have been b
7、uilt即时演练语境语境谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。我的车被偷了。My car is stolen.空气被污染。The air has been polluted.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.固定结构-各种说It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 人们相信It is announced that据宣布It is well known that 总所周知It is supposed that 人们
8、认为主动主动变变被动被动及物动词一个宾语双宾语动词短语He is reading the book.The boy made the cake.被动语态主动语态The cakethe boy.was made by 主变宾，宾变主 承受者 执行者The bookby him.is being readS + V + OS + V + O动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或者副词猫把盘里的鱼都吃完了。The cat ate up the fish on the plate.盘里的鱼被吃光了。The fish on the plate w
9、as eaten up.The nurses take care of the childrenThe children by the nurses. are taken careofI was often made (study) in English. v.+不带to不定式-宾补，变被动to不可省 My mother often made me study English.to study The boss sees the workers work all day.The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.are seen toS + V +
10、O + CS + V + O + C宾语变主语，宾补保留不动He calls the cat Kitty. 他叫那只猫咪咪。The cat is called Kitty. 那只猫叫咪咪。He called the cat Honey. The cat was called Honey. S + V + IO + DOS + V + IO + DO口诀：如遇双宾语，先变形，要转化的提前。give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb. sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .buy/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb.
11、 sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him .（He gave a book to me.）wastowasgivengivenfeel, sound, taste, smell，look感官write, wash, lock, sell 性质功能worth值得need, require, want需要break out, happen, spend, take place, occur 发生传播主动表主动表被动被动The
12、 ice-cream tastes good.感官类The song sounds sweet.The news spread quickly. An epidemic broke out.发生传播类This pen writes well.The coat sells well.性质功能笔很好写！衣服卖的很好！需要The room requires decorating. The movie is worth watching.The movie is worth watching.The movie is worth watching.The movie is worth watching
13、.值得worth感官发生传播性质功能需要值得feel, sound, taste, smelloccur, break out, happen, spreadwrite,wash,read, lock. sellneed, require, want(需要)worth主动表主动表被动被动小试牛刀小试牛刀- So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A.interview B. are interviewingC. are interviewed
14、D. are being interviewed- Why did it take you two hours to cover the short distance to be here?- The bridge _, so we had to go round.A. was repaired B. is being repaired C. will be repaired D. had been repaired 小试牛刀小试牛刀The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that_ in the water is the famou
15、s tower.A.reflectsB. reflectC. is reflectedD. are reflected-Have the election results been announced?- No, they_.A.are expectedB. were expectingC.had been expectingD. are being expected-Dont forget to post the letter, will you?-I _ it.A.would post B. had already postedC. have already postedD. was po
16、stingMy sister _as a secretary in her company for three years and now she_ to the manager of the sales department.A.served; has been promoted B. had served; has been promotedC. has served; has promotedD. was serving; has promotedThough iPhone5 is such a hit product, I wont buy one unless its after-sales service_.A.was improvedB. gets improvedC. is improvingD. had got improved暑期语法每一天2个小时课堂时间：收获知识，收获快乐剩余黄金时间：收获知识，收获成长早上晚上
