《（新课标）天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 单项填空 专题五 动词和短语动词课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（新课标）天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 单项填空 专题五 动词和短语动词课件（26页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题五动词和短语动词专题五动词和短语动词-2-考情概览1.考查常见动词和短语动词的词义辨析。强调语言的情景化,把动词和短语动词的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查,突出在具体语境中进行意义选择的测试。2.考查常见动词的搭配。特别是同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语之间的辨析,或者不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语之间的辨析。如get/give/break/stand/take/make/turn/come/hold/ bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与for/to/of/out/off/up/over/ about/down/on/in等介/副词搭配构成的短语的含义。3.
2、考查常见动词及其短语的新义,也就是我们所说的“熟词生义”;动词的一词多义也是考查的重点。要在具体的语境中灵活地使用。-3-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语义差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。-4-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,11)If you have any doubts about your health,youd better your doctor at once.A.convinceB.consultC.avoidD.affec
3、t答案为B项。句意:如果你对自己的健康状况还有所疑问的话,你最好立刻咨询你的医生。convince“使确信,使信服”;consult“请教,咨询”;avoid“避免”;affect“影响”。(2016浙江卷,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than us.A.divideB.rejectC.controlD.abandon答案为A项。句意:当我们学会因差异而联合起来、而不是因差异而分裂的时候,我们会收获很多。divide“分开,隔开”,符合句意。reject“拒绝”;control
4、“控制”;abandon“抛弃”。故选A项。-5-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四常见动词的固定搭配有些动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法,还有些动词后跟宾语补足语时,与不定式或某些介词有固定的搭配。要做好这类试题,关键是通过分析句子结构弄清题意,然后根据结构和句意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,14)See,your computer has broken down again!It doesnt sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.A.haveB.
5、makeC.display D.bring答案为B项。句意:看,你的电脑又坏了!为了节省几美元去购买最便宜的牌子的电脑,这种做法不明智。make sense是固定短语,意为“明智,合情合理,有道理”。-6-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成的。从历年的高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用短语动词是命题的重点对象。要做好这类试题,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,10)Tom had to the invitation
6、 to the party last weekend because he was too busy.A.turn inB.turn downC.turn overD.turn to答案为B项。句意:上个周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请,因为他太忙了。turn in“上交;归还”;turn down“拒绝”;turn over“移交,交给”;turn to“转向;求助于”。-7-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成的。要做好这类试题,首先还是要弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构的短语动词。【典例
7、分析】 (2016江苏卷,30)Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A.fallen offB.taken offC.turned offD.left off答案为B项。fall off“跌落;减少”;take off“起飞;突然成功”;turn off“关掉”;leave off“停止,中断”。句意:由于商业创新的环境适宜,很多由大学生创办的公司成功了。-8-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(2017江苏卷,2
8、5)Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.A.held outB.brought outC.picked outD.given out答案为B项。句意:在非洲与医疗团队合作,突显了她作为一名医生最优秀的一面。hold out“伸出”;bring out“使显示”;pick out“挑选”;give out“分发”。故B项符合语境。-9-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不同动词构成的短语动词的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的短语动词。要做好这类试题,关键是根据题干的意思,选
9、出符合题意的短语动词。【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,5)Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter ,get married,and have kids.A.settle downB.keep offC.get upD.cut in答案为A项。句意:布朗夫妇想要看着他们的女儿安定下来,结婚生子。settle down“(在某地)定居下来,过安定的生活”;keep off“远离;避开”;get up“起床”;cut in“插嘴”。故选A项。-10-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(2016天津卷,14)I hate it when s
10、he calls me at workIm always too busy to a conversation with her.A.carry onB.break intoC.turn downD.cut off答案为A项。句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行;从事”;break into“破门而入,闯入”;turn down“拒绝;调低”;cut off“切断,使隔绝”。故选A项。-11-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四“动词+副词/名词+介词”短语的辨析要做好这类试题,弄清题意诚然重要,但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定
11、式符号to。【典例分析】 (2016江苏卷,33)Parents should actively urge their children to the opportunity to join sports teams.A.gain admission toB.keep track ofC.take advantage ofD.give rise to答案为C项。gain admission to“获准进入”,keep track of “了解;与保持联系”,take advantage of“利用”,give rise to“引起,导致,造成”。句意:“父母应该积极激励孩子们把握住加入运动队的
12、机会”,故选C项。-12-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四Anyway,were here now,so lets some serious work.A.come up withB.get down toC.do away withD.live up to答案为B项。考查短语动词辨析。句意:不管怎么说,现在我们在这儿了,让我们开始认真干点正事。come up with “提出”;get down to “开始认真地做某事”;do away with “废除,废止”;live up to “不辜负”。-13-1.(2017江苏卷,30)A quick review of successes
13、 and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead.A.shapeB.switchC.stretch D.sharpen解析句意:在年底快速回顾一下一年以来的成功和失败将有助于规划来年。shape“塑造”;switch“转换”;stretch“伸展”;sharpen“使锐利”。故选A项。2.(2017天津耀华中学二模,13)Dont be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A.taken offB.taken outC.taken awayD.taken
14、in解析句意:不要被那些承诺让你很快减轻体重的产品欺骗。take off“起飞;脱下;匆匆离开”;take out“取出;去掉;出发”;take away“带走;使离去”;take in“吸收;领会;欺骗”。根据句意选D项。AD -14-3.(2017天津南开中学三模,5)More than two hundred years ago the United States from the British Empire and became an independent country.A.got off B.pulled downC.broke awayD.dropped off解析句意:两百
15、多年前,美国脱离大英帝国的统治,成为一个独立的国家。break away“脱离”符合句意,故选C项。get off“下车;动身”;pull down“摧毁;推翻;拉下来”;drop off“让下车;掉落”。C-15-4.(2017天津河东区二模,7)Readers can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get overB.get inC.get alongD.get through解析句意:读者不需要知道每个词的意思就能顺利读懂。get over“克服;恢复”;get in“进入;渗入”;get alon
16、g “与和睦相处;进展”;get through“通过;到达;接通电话”。根据句意可知选C项。5.(2017天津第一中学第五次月考,10)The young man had floated in the river for nearly two hours before he was by the fisherman.A.put upB.made upC.picked upD.brought up解析句意:渔民将这位年轻人捞起来之前,他已经在河里漂浮了接近两个小时。put up“建造;举起;提供住宿”;make up“组成;编造”; pick up“拾起;救起;偶然学会”;bring up“提
17、出;抚养;呕吐”。故选C项。CC-16-6.(2016浙江卷,14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that my interest.A.limitedB.reservedC.reflectedD.spoiled7.(2016江苏卷,25)He did not easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approachB.wrestle
18、C.compromise D.communicateC 解析句意:当必须最后决定选择一门课程的时候,我决定申请能反映我兴趣的那门课。reflect“反映;反射”,与句意相符。limit“限制”;reserve “保留”;spoil“溺爱;毁坏”。故选C项。C 解析approach“接近,靠近”,wrestle“摔跤”,compromise“妥协”,communicate“沟通,交流”。由but前后分句的语意对比判断只有C项符合语境。句意:他不轻易妥协,但是为了有价值的事业,他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。-17-8.Schools should be lively places where ind
19、ividuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.A.accelerateB.improveC.performD.develop9.The university started some new language programs to the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A.apply toB.cater forC.appeal toD.hunt forD 解析句意:学校应该是活跃的地方,在那里个体被鼓励发展到最大潜能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改善”;perform“执行,
20、完成”;develop“发展”。根据句意应选D项。B解析句意:这所大学开办了一些新的语言项目来满足国家丝绸之路经济带的发展需要。apply to“适合,适应;向申请”;cater for “满足需要,迎合”;appeal to “呼吁;吸引”;hunt for “搜寻”。B项符合句意。-18-10.The whole team Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.A.wait onB.focus onC.count onD.call onC 解析句意:整个团队都很信任克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多,他也很少让他们失望。wait on“伺候,服侍”
21、;focus on“集中于,专注于”;count on“依赖,依靠,信任”;call on“号召”。C项符合句意。-19-11.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to _that someone was moving about upstairs.A.whisperB.signalC.declareD.complain12.There is no doubt that this candidates advantage his ability to communicate with foreigners in Eng
22、lish.A.leaves outB.goes againstC.lies inD.makes upB 解析句意:为了不被人听见,她竖起手指示意楼上有人四处走动。whisper“低语,私语”;signal“示意,发信号”;declare“声明”;complain“抱怨”。根据句意可知选B项。C解析句意:毫无疑问,这位参赛选手的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。leave out“省去;遗漏”;go against“反对,违背”;lie in“因为,在于”;make up“组成;弥补;化妆”。根据句意可知选C项。-20-13.Dont worry.Im sure your missing gl
23、asses will sooner or later.A.stand outB.break upC.get outD.turn up14.If you leave the club,you will not be back in.A.receivedB.admittedC.turnedD.movedD 解析句意:不用担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到。stand out“突出;显眼”;break up“分解;破裂”;get out“离开,出去”;turn up“调高;出现;找到”。根据句意可知选D项。B解析句意:如果你离开这家俱乐部,你就不许回来了。receive“接受”;admit“允许进入
24、;承认”;turn“转身;变得”;move“移动”。-21-15.The good thing about the children is that they very easily to new environments.A.adapt B.appealC.attach D.apply16.It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children.A.look uponB.look afterC.look intoD.look outA 解析句意:孩子们一个好的方面是他们非常容易适应新的环境。a
25、dapt to“适应”;appeal to“吸引”;attach to“依附于”;apply to“应用于”。C解析句意:据报道,警方不久就会调查两个失踪儿童的案件了。look upon“看待”;look after“照看”;look into“调查”;look out“小心”。-22-17.If you are in trouble,dont to ask Mike for help;he is always willing to lend a hand.A.dreamB.appealC.hesitateD.bend18.Could you do me a favor and type th
26、e report?Sorry.Im too busy and dont have any time to .A.saveB.balanceC.spareD.shareC 解析句意:如果你有麻烦,别犹豫,直接找迈克寻求帮助。他总是很乐意帮忙。dream“梦想”;appeal “呼吁”;hesitate “犹豫”;bend“俯身”。根据句意可知选C项。C 解析句意:你可以帮我一下,把这份报告打印出来吗?对不起,我太忙了,抽不出时间。save“节省”;balance“平衡”;spare“抽出,分出”;share“共享”。-23-19.He was for the job vacancy becaus
27、e he couldnt be on time even for the interview.A.objectedB.discouragedC.opposedD.rejectedD 解析句意:他被拒绝来补上这一职位空缺,因为他连面试都不能按时到达。object“反对”;discourage“使泄气”;oppose“反对”;reject“拒绝”。-24-20.Officials stated that a large number of flights had to be _ because of the bad weather.A.cut offB.broken offC.set off D.
28、put off21.There are many inconveniences that have to be when you are camping.A.put up withB.come up withC.kept up with D.caught up withD 解析句意:官方声明,由于天气不好,大量的航班必须推迟。cut off“切断”;break off“突然中断”,没有被动语态;set off“出发”;put off“推迟”。A解析句意:当你野营时,有许多不方便你必须忍受。put up with“忍受”;come up with“提出;想出”;keep up with “保持同
29、步”;catch up with“赶上”。-25-22.A new advertisement for slimming tea has been designed to those who want to lose weight.A.targetB.blameC.promoteD.comfort 23.Modern plastics can very high and very low temperatures.A.stand B.keepC.holdD.remainA 解析句意:一则新的减肥茶广告已经被设计出来了,它针对的是那些想减肥的人。target “把作为目标”;blame“责备,归
30、咎于”;promote “促进,提升”;comfort“安慰,使(痛苦等)缓和”。根据句意选A项。A 解析句意:现代塑料能耐高温也能耐低温。stand“忍耐,忍受”;keep“保持,维持”;hold“握着;容纳”;remain“仍然是,保持”,根据句意选A项。-26-24.The insurance company has sent us an email saying their policy has been specially to our needs.A.relatedB.attachedC.tailoredD.accustomedC 解析句意:保险公司发给我们的邮件说,为了满足我们的
31、需要,他们的保单是特别制定的。relate “相关,有联系”;attach“系上;附加”;tailor“专门制作,定做”;accustom“使习惯于”。根据句意选C项。25.The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to them in the planning and preparing.A.involveB.devoteC.equipD.prepareA 解析句意:鼓励孩子享受三餐的最好方法就是让他们参与计划和准备三餐的过程。involve “参与”;devote“献身”;equip“装备”; prepare“准备”。故选A项。
