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1、1。 一般时态的主动形式和被动形式可列表表示如下：一般时态的主动形式和被动形式可列表表示如下：主动结构主动结构被动结构被动结构一般一般现在现在时时用用动词的原行，第三人称单动词的原行，第三人称单数后面加数后面加-sI teach in high school.She teaches in college.be+过去分词（过去分词（be 和主语一致）和主语一致）English is taught in all schools.These subjects are taught in all schools.一般一般过去过去时时用用动词的过去式（不分人称）动词的过去式（不分人称）He taught
2、 in a university.Was(were)+过去分词（第一、三人称单过去分词（第一、三人称单数用数用was)These subjects were all taught there.Russian was taught in many schools.一般一般将来将来时时Will+动词原形（第一人称后动词原形（第一人称后有时用有时用shall)She will teach here next yearShall we go there.Will be +过去分词（第一人称后有时用过去分词（第一人称后有时用shall)They will be taught English next y
3、ear.Shall we be taught English next year?一般一般过去过去将来将来时时Would+动词原形（第一人称动词原形（第一人称偶跟偶跟should)She said she would teach here next year.Would be +过去分词过去分词She said English would be taught here next year.2。进行时态的主动形式和被动形式可表示如下。进行时态的主动形式和被动形式可表示如下：主动结构主动结构被动结构被动结构现在现在进行进行时时Am(is, are）+现在分词现在分词I am studying En
4、glish.He is studying English.Am(is, are) being +过去分词过去分词I am being examined.She is being examined.过去过去进行进行时时Was(were)+现在分词现在分词I(He) was studying English.We(You, They) were studying English.Was(were) being +过去分词过去分词I (He) was being examined.We (You, They) were being examined.将来将来进行进行时时Will be+现在分词（第一
5、人称后现在分词（第一人称后偶跟偶跟shall)We will(shall) be studying a new lesson next week.(无无被动结构）被动结构）过去过去将来将来进行进行时时Would be +现在分词（第一人称现在分词（第一人称偶跟偶跟should)She said she would be leaving the following spring.(无无被动结构）被动结构）3。完成时态的主动形式和被动形式可表示如下：。完成时态的主动形式和被动形式可表示如下：主动结构主动结构被动结构被动结构现在现在完成完成时时Have(has)+过去分词过去分词I(You,They
6、) have lived here for two yearsShe has lived here for two years.Have (has)been +过去分词过去分词I(You, They) have been given a job.She has been given a job.过去过去完成完成时时Had+过去分词过去分词I heard he had left already.Had been +过去分词过去分词I heard she had been sent to hospital.将来将来完成完成时时Will have +过去分词过去分词They will have le
7、ft when you get there.Will have been +过去分词过去分词She will have been sent home be that time.过去过去将来将来完成完成时时Would have +过去分词过去分词They would have left be that time.Would have been +过去分词过去分词She would have been sent home by that time4.完成进行时的主动式可表示如下：完成进行时的主动式可表示如下： 主动结构主动结构被动结构被动结构现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have(has)been
8、+现在分词现在分词They have been playing basketball.She has been playing the piano.(无无被动结构）被动结构）过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Had been +现在分词现在分词They had been playing basketball since nine oclock.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时Will have been +现在分词现在分词We will have been living here for ten years be next years.过去将来完成过去将来完成进行时进行时Would have been+
9、现在分词现在分词She said she would have been living there for ten years by that time.被动语态主要用于以下场合：被动语态主要用于以下场合：一一 、不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指明谁是动作、不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。的执行者。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.二、需要强调或突出动作的承受着或事件本身不必指明谁二、需要强调或突出动作的承受着或事件本身不必指明谁是动作的执行者时。是动作的执行者时。The injured were allowe
10、d home after treatment.At last an agreement was arrived at.三、为了强调动作的执行者而用三、为了强调动作的执行者而用 by 修饰时。修饰时。The window was broken by the boy who lives next door.四、在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。四、在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。Girls wanted.(广告标题省略了助动词广告标题省略了助动词are)It is reported that many have been lost in the earthquake.五、当动作执行者不是人时。五、当动作执行
11、者不是人时。We were shocked by the news of his death.Such things are only eaten by animals.一些特殊的被动结构：一些特殊的被动结构：1、带情态动词的被动结构：、带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.2、带不定式的被动结构：、带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3、短语动词的被动结构：、短语动词的被动结构：The baby is looked a
12、fter carefully.4、带复合宾语的动词在改为被动、带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面后面：We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean. 5、有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的、有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思。意思。（1）一些不及物动词）一些不及物动词: Class begins.(上课上课) 某些动词只能做不及物动词，如某些动词只能做不及物动词，如 occu
13、r, happen , fall, go, break out, take place等等,其主动形式表被动其主动形式表被动 Eg. When did the accident occur ? May 4th Movement took place in 1919. It happened yesterday evening. （2）具有及物意义的不及物动词，如）具有及物意义的不及物动词，如 sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, rec
14、ord, begin, shut 等。等。 The book sells well. The machine runs well. Your composition reads well. The pen writes smoothly. This coat wears well.有的动词同时兼有及物和不及物的功有的动词同时兼有及物和不及物的功用，当用作不及物动词时其主动结构用，当用作不及物动词时其主动结构所表达的被动意义和其作及物动词时所表达的被动意义和其作及物动词时在被动结构中所表达的被动意义的意在被动结构中所表达的被动意义的意思大致相同：思大致相同：My jacket has worn
15、out.My jacket is worn out.有的及物动词构成的被动语态，与其作不及物有的及物动词构成的被动语态，与其作不及物动词时构成的主动表被动有细微的含义差别：动词时构成的主动表被动有细微的含义差别：The cloth does not wash.这块布不经洗。（是这块布不经洗。（是由于布本身的内在特性，质量差或其他原因）由于布本身的内在特性，质量差或其他原因）The cloth is not washed. 这块布没有被洗。这块布没有被洗。（与布本身的特性没观）（与布本身的特性没观）These shoes do not sell. 这些鞋销售不了。这些鞋销售不了。These sh
16、oes are not sold.这些鞋尚未出售。这些鞋尚未出售。（3）表示状态特征的连系动词，如）表示状态特征的连系动词，如 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等主动表被动等主动表被动 The roses smell sweet. Cotton feels soft. Good medicine tastes bitter.(良药苦口）良药苦口） Your sentence does not sound right. What he said proved to be correct. （4）某些动词以物作主语时，其进）某些动词以物作
17、主语时，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。行时也可以表示被动意义。 The dinner is cooking. The book is printing. The house is building. Preparations are making.6、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。1）谓语是及物动词）谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。等。2）谓语动词是不可拆开的短语动词）谓语动词是不可拆开的短语动词take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。等。3）宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源）宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语宾语 、不定式、动名词、抽象名词。、不定式、动名词、抽象名词。 7、据说据说 It is said that希望希望 It is hoped that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that必须承认必须承认 It must be admitted that 有人会说有人会说 It will be said that有人相信有人相信 It is believed that 众所周知众所周知 It is well known that
