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1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISY4Achieving sustainable environmentalismUnit 4 Section AUnit 4 Section AFOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITYTwo questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about e
2、nvironmental protection. (Para. 1)A rule, called a sane environmentalism, for making environmental choices is presented. (Para. 5)The author defines environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. (Para. 2)The author gives examples “combating ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect” to expla
3、in what he sees as an environmental necessity. (Paras. 3-4)The author tries to establish a rule for people to follow when they make environmental choices. (Paras. 2-5)The author rebuts a different rule, called a sentimental environmentalism, which he says is characterized by excessive earth worship.
4、 (Paras. 6-10)The author cites the debate about preserving the spotted owl in Oregon vs. protecting the livelihood of the logging families to justify his own argument. (Para. 10)The author reviews a different rule, one which he calls a sentimental environmentalism. (Para. 6)The author cites the deba
5、te about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument. (Paras. 7-9) The author restates his central argument: Human interests should be given priority over those of nature. (Paras. 11-13)必需型减少(v.)保持(v.)生态平衡界限臭氧共鸣易懂的有效利用(v.)巩固(v.)生态系统可持续的公然的崇
6、拜声称 (v.)生态荒诞的区分 (v.)非兼容的生物多样化感情型Necessary mode健康型 B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.相互关系chordozonedepletepreserveecological balanceparametercorrelationovertworshipbiodiversitySentimental modeallegeincompatibleecology根除eradicate合法化lega
7、lization等级制Sane modedifferentiatebizarresustainableecosystemeconomizeconsolidateintelligiblehierarchy可逆转的reversibleincompatibleallegechorddepleteeconomizechord B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseallegedText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.incompatibleallegechorddepleteeco
8、nomizedeplete B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseeconomizeText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.incompatibleallegechorddepleteeconomizeincompatible B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.preservecorrelationworshi
9、pconsolidatedifferentiatedifferentiate B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UsepreserveText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.preservecorrelationworshipconsolidatedifferentiatecorrelation B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseconsolidateText ReadingEssay WritingFurth
10、er Dev. Extr. & App.preservecorrelationworshipconsolidatedifferentiateworship B. Topic-centered Study of New Words and Their UseText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Extr. & App.u“Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapprova
11、l of plastic surgery.” (Para. 1, Text) is declarative knowledge. To make it possible to use creatively, however, we have to convert it into procedural knowledge as follows: A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IuX is as required Y as is Z; where X, Y and Z are variabl
12、es that vary from context to context.应用提示应用提示 用于“对事物的类比对事物的类比”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern X is as required Y as is Z.Context Ip自信心如同钢中的碳一样，是你成功中不可或缺的决定性组成部分。In this context, X = “self-confidence”, Y = “a decisive ingredient in your success”, and Z = “carbon in
13、steel”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows: pSelf-confidence is as required a decisive ingredient in your success as is carbon in steel.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern X is as required Y as is Z.Context IIp日渐增强的彼此依恋如同引力波一样，是热恋不可或缺的催化剂。In this contex
14、t, X = “an ever-stronger attachment to each other”, Y = “a catalyst for fire of love”, and Z = “a wave of gravitation”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pAn ever-stronger attachment to each other is as required a catalyst for fire of love as is a wave of gravitation.Warming-UpText
15、ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“The possible thermal consequences of the greenhouse effect are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets.” (Para. 4, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Appli
16、cation of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IIuThe possible consequences of X are far Y(a.): ; where X and Y(a.) are variables that vary from context to context, whereas “” stands for the concrete consequences in the given context.应用提示应用提示 用于“对事物后果推断与阐述对事物后果推断与阐述”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay Writ
17、ingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern The possible consequences of X are far Y(a.): Context Ip歪曲真相的报道可能产生的后果是非常严重的：颠倒黑白、混淆视听、社会混乱。In this context, X = “warped accounts”, Y(a.) = “serious”, and “” = “confounding right with wrong, confusing public opinion, and social disruption”. So the new declarative k
18、nowledge arises as follows:pThe possible consequences of warped accounts are far serious: confounding right with wrong, confusing public opinion, and social disruption.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern The possible consequences of X are far Y(a.): Context IIp在校园整天浑浑噩
19、噩混日子可能产生的后果是极其为不可逆的：学业无果、青春逝去、无尽的懊悔。In this context, X = “muddling along all day on campus”, Y(a.) = “irreversible”, and “” = “no return from studies, elapse of youth, and a steady flow of regret”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pThe possible consequences of muddling along all da
20、y on campus are far irreversible: no return from studies, elapse of youth, and a steady flow of regret.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.” (Para. 5, Text) How to convert it into a productive
21、pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IIIuA calls upon B to do C, but merely within the parameters of D; where A, B, C and D are variables that vary from context to context, whereas “do” stands for any verb available in the given context.应用提示应用提示 用于“对处事的界说对处事的
22、界说”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern A calls upon B to do C, but merely within the parameters of D.Context Ip竞争要我们优胜劣汰，但要在公平得到保证的前提之下。In this context, A = “competition”, B = “us”, C = “the superior” as well as “the inferior”, D = “fairness”, and “do” = “select” as we
23、ll as “eliminate”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pCompetition calls upon us to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, but merely within the parameters of fairness.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern A calls upon B to do C, but merely withi
24、n the parameters of D.Context IIp科研要科学家锐意进取，但要在客观性得到保证的前提之下。In this context, A = “doing science”, B = “scientists”, C = “progress”, D = “objectivity”, and “do” = “make (with keen determination)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pDoing science calls upon scientists to make progress
25、 with keen determination, but merely within the parameters of objectivity. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“Man is the measure of all things.” (Para. 7, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern IVuX is th
26、e measure of Y; where X and Y are variables that vary from context to context.应用提示应用提示 用于“对事物的界说对事物的界说”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern X is the measure of Y.Context Ip实践是检验真理的唯一标准。In this context, X = “practice”, and Y = “truth”. So the new declarative knowledge ar
27、ises as follows:pPractice is the sole measure of truth.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR rests one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.” (Para. 7, Text) How to convert it into a produc
28、tive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern VuX indicates little / much chance that Y does / is Z; where X, Y and Z are variables that vary from context to context, while “does / is” stands for any verb available in the given context. 应用提示应用提示 用于“对概率的判定对概率的判定”W
29、arming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern X indicates little / much chance that Y does / is Z.Context Ip她对你的态度表明，你很有可能俘获她的芳心。In this context, X = “her attitude toward you”, Y = “you”, Z = “her heart”, and “does / is” = “will capture”. So the new declarative knowledge arises a
30、s follows:pHer attitude toward you indicates much chance that you will capture her heart.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern X indicates little / much chance that Y does / is Z.Context IIp民意调查结果表明，对任何事物的过度宣传很可能是昙花一现。In this context, X = “public opinion polls”, Y = “exc
31、essive publicity about anything”, Z = “a flash in the pan”, and “does / is” = “is”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pPublic opinion polls indicate much chance that excessive publicity about anything is a flash in the pan. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. u“The impor
32、tant distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are not.” (Para. 11, Text) How to convert it into a productive pattern? A. Extraction & Application of Productive PatternsProductive Pattern VIuThe important / critical distinction is between X and Y; where X a
33、nd Y are variables that vary from context to context.应用提示应用提示 用于“对事物的辨识对事物的辨识”Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern The important / critical distinction is between X and Y.Context Ip重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对我们未来幸福至关重要，哪些不重要。In this context, X = “those that matter much to our futur
34、e happiness”, and Y = “those that matter little”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pThe important distinction is between those that matter much to our future happiness and those that matter little.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Productive Pattern The important / cr
35、itical distinction is between X and Y.Context IIp至关重要的是，我们要区分面对危机的理性反应与非理性反应。In this context, X = “rational response”, and Y = “irrational response to crisis”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:pThe critical distinction is between rational response and irrational response to crisis.
36、Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish1 12 23 34 45 5把区分 differentiate between呈现（某种特征）take on引起共鸣strike a chord with与格格不入run / go against the grain与不相容的be incompatible with B. Extraction & Application of Lexical Collocations短语逆译短语逆译Warming-UpText ReadingEs
37、say WritingFurther Dev. No.No.ChineseChineseEnglishEnglish6 67 78 89 91010安然度过 come through像其他人一样as as the next person / man优先选择（某物）而非（另一物）choose sth. over sth. else以的代价；花费at a cost1.适宜，恰当 2.妥当，无误be in order B. Extraction & Application of Lexical Collocations短语逆译短语逆译Warming-UpText ReadingEssay Writi
38、ngFurther Dev. Phrase 1 Lexical Collocation differentiate betweenp他泾渭不分，从而一生碌碌无为。意群提示意群提示fail to do sth.; black and white; lead a vain and humdrum lifepHe failed to differentiate between black and white, thus leading a vain and humdrum life.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 2 Le
39、xical Collocation take onp新春伊始，万象更新。意群提示意群提示with the advent of the new spring; a new aspectpWith the advent of the new spring, all things took on a new aspect.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 3 Lexical Collocation strike a chord withp教授对人生意义的一番言论似乎在学生中产生了普遍的共鸣。意群提示意群提示the profe
40、ssors comment on sth.; the significance of a spectacular lifepThe professors comment on the significance of a spectacular life seemed to strike a universal chord with the students.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 4 Lexical Collocation run / go against the grainp他的为官之道与清正廉洁格格不入。
41、意群提示意群提示ones art of being an official; honesty and uprightnesspHis art of being an official runs against the grain of honesty and uprightness.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 5 Lexical Collocation be incompatible withp这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容，因此，你需要找人进行系统升级。意群提示意群提示anti-virus software;
42、 get your computer system updatedpThe anti-virus software is incompatible with your computer system, so you have to get your system updated.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 6 Lexical Collocation come throughp此次信任危机考验了我们的友谊，我们经受住了考验而且比以往任何时候都更值得彼此信任了。意群提示意群提示this crisis of trust
43、; be trustier to each other than everpThis crisis of trust tested our friendship, and we have come through it trustier to each other than ever.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 7 Lexical Collocation as as the next person / manp他也许看上去和其他人一样诚实，但他有时会恶意撒谎。意群提示意群提示tell dirty liespHe
44、might look as honest as the next person, but he sometimes tells dirty lies.Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 8 Lexical Collocation choose sth. over sth. elsep在寻找商业合作方面，我们注重质量而非数量。意群提示意群提示seek business partnershippIn seeking business partnership, we choose quality over quantity.W
45、arming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 9 Lexical Collocation at a costp由于稻米是以低价买进而高价卖给消费者的，所以收益得到增加。意群提示意群提示be purchased at a lower cost; be sold at a higher pricepRevenue increased because rice was purchased at a lower cost and sold to consumers at a higher price.Warming-UpText Readi
46、ngEssay WritingFurther Dev. Phrase 10 Lexical Collocation be in orderp言不顺则事不成。意群提示意群提示be accomplishedpIf the speech is not in order, then nothing will be accomplished. Warming-UpText ReadingEssay WritingFurther Dev. 1 上流社会2 信仰民主3 至高原则4 臭氧消耗5 食物消失殆尽6 食物链7 全世界8 引起共鸣9 公开声明10与格格不入polite societybelief in
47、 democracydefinitive rule ofozone completionempty breadbasketfood chainall corners of the atlasstrike a chord with declare openlyrun against the grains of 11 使几百万人失去家 12 非此即彼的主张 13 繁衍地 14 鱼和熊掌兼得 15 面对僵局 16 密不可分 17 思维模式leave millions homeless either-or propositionframe of mindbirthing groundshave the cake and eat it tooin the standoff of be inseparately bound up
