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1、第一部分基础考点聚焦第一部分基础考点聚焦 选修选修6.单词拼写单词拼写根据音标及词义写出英文单词。根据音标及词义写出英文单词。1_ knveI v传达；运输；转移传达；运输；转移2 _ kkrit adj. 具体的具体的3 _ daImnd n. 钻石钻石4 _ fleksbl adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的灵活的；可弯曲的5 _ ptn n. 图案；式样；模式图案；式样；模式6 _ Imn n. 情感；情绪情感；情绪conveyconcretediamondflexiblepatternemotion7 _ tiz vt. & vi. 取笑；招惹取笑；招惹8 _ brnt n. 枝条；支流枝条；
2、支流9 _ IventlI adv. 终于；最后终于；最后10 _ trnsfm vt. & vi. 转换转换11 _ sr n. 悲伤悲伤12 _ be adj. 赤裸的；稀少的赤裸的；稀少的13 _ laIbrerIn n. 图书馆管理员图书馆管理员14 _ frev adv. 永远永远15 _ blk adj. 空白的空白的n.空白空白teasebrancheventuallytransformsorrowbarelibrarianforeverblank.单词拓展写出下列单词及其派生词。1 _ n盐_ adj. 含盐的；咸的2 _ adj. 黑暗的；昏暗的_ n. 黑暗；漆黑3 _ v
3、. 使温暖adj.温暖的_ n. 暖和；温暖saltsaltydarkdarkness warmwarmth4 _ n. 钢琴_ n. 钢琴家5 _ v. 翻译_ n. 翻译；译文_ n. 译员6 _ n. 小提琴_ n. 小提琴演奏者pianopianisttranslatetranslationtranslatorviolinviolinist1_ 熬夜，不睡觉；挺立熬夜，不睡觉；挺立2_ 轻松；不紧张；从容轻松；不紧张；从容3_用完用完4_ (多用于被动结构多用于被动结构)由由构成构成5_ 转化成，改造为转化成，改造为6_去远足去远足7_测试；试验测试；试验8_发出；放走发出；放走9_有
4、意义，讲得通有意义，讲得通10_坚持坚持stay uptake it easyrun out of be made up oftransform intogo for a hike try outlet outmake sensehold on1There are various reasons why people write poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的原因。人们写诗有各种各样的原因。解读解读why引导定语从句修饰先行词引导定语从句修饰先行词reasons。仿写仿写我不相信他的原因是他经常撒谎。我不相信他的原因是他经常撒谎。The reason _ is that he often
5、tells a lie.why I dont believe him2Should the traveller return，this stone would utter speech.行人归来石应语。行人归来石应语。解读解读省略省略if的倒装句式。的倒装句式。仿写仿写要是目前的失业情况继续下去，社会将面临更加麻烦要是目前的失业情况继续下去，社会将面临更加麻烦的局面。的局面。_，the society would face a more troublesome situation.Should the present unemployment continue3With so many dif
6、ferent forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己写有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己写诗歌了。诗歌了。解读解读“With.to choose from”属于属于“with复合宾语复合宾语”结构。结构。仿写仿写有那么多问题要解决，我不能与你外出看电影。有那么多问题要解决，我不能与你外出看电影。With so many problems _，I cant go out to see a fil
7、m with you.to settle4Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely to be a girlfriend/boyfriend or a parent?你认为诗中的发言者更有可能是一个女朋友、一个男朋友，你认为诗中的发言者更有可能是一个女朋友、一个男朋友，还是一位父亲或母亲？还是一位父亲或母亲？解读解读be likely to do sth.可能做某事，表示猜测。可能做某事，表示猜测。仿写仿写当那些年轻人确实要搬出去时，他们更有可能租车而当那些年轻人确实要搬出去时，他们更有可能租车而不是买车。不是买车。When the
8、 young people do move out，they _ rent a car than buy one.are more likely to 虚拟语气虚拟语气()用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1He was very busy yesterday，otherwise he _ (come) to the party.2_(have) it not been for his teacher，Li Ming wouldnt have passed the English exam so easily.3If only the alarm clock_ (
9、ring) then.had comeHadhad rung4Without the air to hold some of the suns heat，the earth at night _(be)freezing cold.5I wish she _(take) the doctors advice.If so，she _(feel) better now.would behad takenwould feelEventually the librarian and pianist who had no diploma won the championship in the poem t
10、ranslation competition and got a scholarship.He can convey and exchange his sorrows and joys appropriately with others by writing poems.1.conveyvt.传达，表达；运送；传导，传播传达，表达；运送；传导，传播(朗文朗文)Your luggage will be conveyed by helicopter from the airport to your hotel.你的行李将用直升机由机场运到旅馆。你的行李将用直升机由机场运到旅馆。convey sth
11、.to sb.向某人表达向某人表达/传递某物传递某物convey sb./sth.from A to B 把某人或某物从把某人或某物从A地运送到地运送到B地地convey ones feelings/meanings表达某人的感情表达某人的感情/意思意思In this letter，I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance/help.对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您衷心的感谢。对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您衷心的感谢。The police asked the driver to
12、_ the destination safely.警察要求司机把乘客安全地送到目的地。警察要求司机把乘客安全地送到目的地。convey the passengers to活用活用用用convey的相关词语完成下列小片段的相关词语完成下列小片段We want to (1)_.Please (2)_ the logistics company in half an hour.Do my words (3)_？我们想把我们的货物从广州运送到北京。请你在半小时内把我们想把我们的货物从广州运送到北京。请你在半小时内把这条消息传达给物流公司这条消息传达给物流公司(logistics company)。我的
13、话向你。我的话向你表达了我的意思了吗？表达了我的意思了吗？convey our goods from Guangzhou to Beijingconvey this message toconvey my meanings to you2.transformvi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换转化；转换；改造；变换(牛津牛津)It was an event that would transform my life.那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。(1)transform.into.把把变成变成transform sb./sth.from. 把某人把某人/物从物
14、从中转变中转变(2)transformation n. 改变，变革改变，变革In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.这个国家只用了这个国家只用了20年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。Every moment of every day, energy _ from one form into another.每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。is being transformed活用活
15、用用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空(1)These efforts have transformed the bald hill _ one covered with green trees all over.(2)That country is transforming _ a backward agricultural country _ an advanced industrial country.intofrominto3.exchangen交换；交流；互换交换；交流；互换vt.& vi.调换；交换调换；交换(2013高考浙江卷高考浙江卷完形填空完形填空)I would recomme
16、nd an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendships.我向任何想要体验外国文化和获得有意义的友谊的人推荐一我向任何想要体验外国文化和获得有意义的友谊的人推荐一种交流活动。种交流活动。(1)exchange sth.for sth.用用来交换来交换exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物与某人交换某物(2)in exchange for 交换交换(3)exchange student 交换生交换生(牛津牛津)I shook
17、 hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。Id like to exchange some pounds for dollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。I have offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodation.我主动粉刷房子来交换一周的住宿。我主动粉刷房子来交换一周的住宿。in exchange for活用活用选用上述词语填空选用上述词语填空(1)It is illegal for a pu
18、blic official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.(2)If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you，you can easily _ any other course that we offer.(3)They have offered to release the reporters，but what do they want _？in exchange forexchange it forin exchange4.loadn. 负担；负荷
19、物负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的尤指沉重的)vt.&vi.装载；加重；把弹药装入装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮枪炮)(教材教材P16)Slowly the old man carries his load.慢慢地老人挑起慢慢地老人挑起(沉重的沉重的)担子。担子。(牛津牛津)Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。Standing on the bank，the children watched the ship _all kinds of goods.孩子们站在
20、岸边看着满载各种货物的轮船。孩子们站在岸边看着满载各种货物的轮船。loaded with 活用活用用用load的相关词语完成下列小片段的相关词语完成下列小片段Obviously，supporting a family of five is (1)_(很重的负担很重的负担)for a single woman.So she has to do (2)_ (很多很多)things every day.Her main job is to (3)_ trucks _ (用用装载装载) empty bottles every morning.Luckily，her two daughters have
21、 gone to work on their own，which has (4)_(打消她的顾虑打消她的顾虑)a heavy loadloads ofloadwithtaken a load off her mind5.take it easy(take things easy)轻松；不紧张；从容轻松；不紧张；从容(牛津牛津)The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.医生叫我休息几周。医生叫我休息几周。take ones time 别着急，慢慢来别着急，慢慢来take sth.seriously 重视某事，对某事严肃对待重视某事，对某
22、事严肃对待take.for granted 认为认为理所当然理所当然take.as. 把把当作当作Take it (things) easy for a few days and you will be able to go to work again.放松几天你就能再次工作了。放松几天你就能再次工作了。Believe it or not，I always take your suggestions seriously.信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。Some of us always _ that our parents or grandparents
23、 should take care of us.我们中的我们中的有些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。有些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。take it for granted活用活用选用上述词语填空选用上述词语填空(1)Just _ and tell us what happened.别急，告诉我们发生了什么事。别急，告诉我们发生了什么事。(2)Theres no need to rush backjust _不要急着赶回来不要急着赶回来慢慢来吧。慢慢来吧。(3)The doctor told me to _ and stop working too hard.医生劝我
24、放松一下，工作不要过于劳累。医生劝我放松一下，工作不要过于劳累。take it easytake your timetake things easy6.run out of用尽，用完用尽，用完(2013高考广东卷高考广东卷语法填空语法填空)Suddenly，he found that he had run out of salt.突然，他发现盐用完了。突然，他发现盐用完了。易混辨析易混辨析 run out of，run out，give out，use uprun out ofrun outgive outuse up“用完了用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，
25、主语一般是人义，主语一般是人“用完了用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词“用尽，精疲力竭用尽，精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语，为不及物动词短语“用完，消耗尽用完，消耗尽”，为及物动词短语，为及物动词短语My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.在去海滩的路上，我的车因为汽油耗尽而抛锚了。在去海滩的路上，我的车因为汽油耗尽而抛锚了。With his food _，the men had to come out o
26、f his hidingplace.由于食物吃完了，那人才不得不从藏身处出来。由于食物吃完了，那人才不得不从藏身处出来。(2012高考山东卷高考山东卷阅读理解阅读理解)Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.很快人们意识到他们遇到了一个严重的问题：很快人们意识到他们遇到了一个严重的问题：他们的磷酸盐快用完了。他们的磷酸盐快用完了。running out7.let out释放；放走；发出释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等叫喊声等)；泄露泄露(消息、秘密等消息、秘密等)；透露；
27、透露(高考佳句高考佳句)Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.获胜队的粉丝们发出胜利的欢呼声，同时大家都将帽子抛向获胜队的粉丝们发出胜利的欢呼声，同时大家都将帽子抛向了空中。了空中。let alone更不用说；更谈不上更不用说；更谈不上let sb./sth.alone 对某人对某人/某事放任不管；置之不理某事放任不管；置之不理let down 把把放下来；使放下来；使(某人某人)失望失望/情绪低沉情绪低沉let in 允许进入；容许；许可允许进入
28、；容许；许可He accidentally let out that he hadnt been home for three weeks.他无意中泄露出他已经三个周没回家了。他无意中泄露出他已经三个周没回家了。I hardly had time to think these days，_ relax.我这些天几乎都没时间思考，更不用说休息了。我这些天几乎都没时间思考，更不用说休息了。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，letting in the natural light durin
29、g the day.入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。进来。let alone1.(教材教材P10)There are various reasons why people write poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的原因。人们写诗有各种各样的原因。(1)reason当先行词时，如果定语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，一般用why或for which引导定语从句。(2)reason当先行词时，如果定语从句中缺主语、宾语或表语,一般用that/which引导定语从句。The reason why he died young was t
30、hat he paid no attention to health.他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。The reason for which he failed the English exam was that he didnt learn it well.他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。The reason _ he explained to us is that he hadnt read it before.他给我们解释的理由是他之前没有读过。他给我们解释的理由是他之前没有读过。that/whic
31、h【温馨提示】the reason后的定语从句是用why/for which还是关系代词that/which引导，取决于关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系词在从句中充当状语时用why/for which,充当主语、宾语或表语时用that/which。活用活用用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空(1)The reason _ he was sleepy in class was that he stayed up last night.(2)The reason _ I cant come is that I have to prepare for the coming exam.(3)Is thi
32、s the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?whywhythat/which2.(教材教材P11)With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.因为有如此多不同类型的诗可以选择，学生们可能最后都因为有如此多不同类型的诗可以选择，学生们可能最后都想写他们自己的诗歌了。想写他们自己的诗歌了。句中的句中的With so
33、many different forms of poetry to choose from 为为with的复合结构作状语。的复合结构作状语。(1)with宾语宾语doing(doing表主动或正在进行的动作表主动或正在进行的动作)(2)with宾语宾语done(done表被动或已完成的动作表被动或已完成的动作)(3)with宾语宾语to do(to do表示将来的动作表示将来的动作)(4)with宾语介词短语宾语介词短语/adj./adv.With more and more forests/trees cut down, some animals are facing the danger
34、of dying out.由于越来越多由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。With a lot of homework _，I cant go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(2013高考湖南卷高考湖南卷完形填空完形填空)Suddenly I realized that I was outside，with nothing on.突然我意识到我在外面，什么都没有穿。突然我意识到我在外面，什么都没有穿。to do细节理解题解题技法之二细节理解题解
35、题技法之二跳读法跳读法跳读查找法是做细节理解题最基本也是最常用的方法之一。跳读查找法是做细节理解题最基本也是最常用的方法之一。在通常情况下在通常情况下，细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句，细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，考生若能根据题干内话的理解，考生若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的高考情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就
36、是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念分析、归纳事实等。(2013高考四川卷高考四川卷)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fe
37、ar at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in i
38、ts regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volun
39、teers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To
40、further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr
41、 Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”47.What is the finding of the
42、study?AOnes heart affects how he feels fear.BFear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.CFear has something to do with ones health.DOnes fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.48The study was carried out by analyzing_Avolunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesBthe time volunteers saw fe
43、arful pictures and their health conditionsCvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansDdifferent pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication49Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?AOrder.BSystem.CMachine. DTreatme
44、nt.50This study may contribute to_Atreating anxiety and stress betterBexplaining the cycle of fear and anxietyCfinding the key to the heartbrain communicationDunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads48题为细节理解题。此题可采用跳读法。由文章第四段和第五段可知，实验是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片的反应和他们的大脑扫描数据来进行的。A项“志愿者看到可怕图片时的心跳”太片面；B项
45、中提到了身体健康状况，而文章中并没有提及，故排除；D项中的heartbrain communication是在实验后提到的，故也排除。因此C项正确。【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家通过研究揭示了恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系。47解析：选A。细节理解题。由全文和第四段最后一句Thus our hearts can.fear.可知我们的心跳影响我们对恐惧的感知，所以A符合题意。48解析：选C。由文章第四段和第五段可知，实验是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片的反应和他们的大脑扫描数据来进行的。A项“志愿者看到可怕图片时的心跳”太片面；B项中提到了身体健康状况，而文章中并没有提及,故排除；D项中的heart-brain communication是在实验后提到的,故也排除。49解析：选B。结合上文的实验可知，mechanism所在句句意：我们已经发现了一个重要的(身体内的)机制，通过它心脏和大脑可以互相交流来改善我们的情绪并减少恐惧。故只有B项system“体系，系统”与mechanism意思相近。order“顺序，命令”;machine“机械，机器”;treatment“治疗”。50解析：选A。推理判断题。由最后一段中的.we may be able to develop more.disorder.可知这个研究对治疗焦虑和压力有好处。所以选A项。
