《留学申请文书写作》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《留学申请文书写作（57页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、留学申请文书写作留学申请文书名称辨析v一、同样文件：1、StatementofPurpose2、PersonalStatement3、StatementofObjectives4、PersonalLetter5、PlanningonStudy6、StudyingPlan有别：1、Resume2、CurriculumVitaev老实讲，看到上述八个名词，只能说八种“同”东西！先从中文分辨一下“自传”及“读书计划”内容：（一）自传应该包括：个人资料，学习及工作经历，论文及著作，个人专长等。（二）读书计划含：学习动机，教育背景，经历影响，前程规划，如何选校等。乍看过去，确实差不多！分别叙述一下：1、
2、纯自传resume：多叙述前自己身上发生的事情，都已成事实。2、纯研究力说明curriculumvitae：旨在说明自己以前在某研究领域的成就，并表明自己会在某些领域做更高深的研究。v3、statement宣示，有plan意义，“自己”和“自己计划”，都详加说明。4、purpose及objective明确地希望大家表明目的及计划，两个较无争议。，只要有statement或plan该按照“读书计划”方法写。5、personalletter,letter（同recommendationletter），应该解释文件比较好。三、UofTexasatAustin申请文件中要求有RequestforRef
3、erence.下面的名词均可称推荐函（称介绍信有点勉强）：1、Recommendation2、Reference3、Evaluation4、Appraisal评定;评价5、RequestforReferencePartI:StatementofPurpose(Objectives)/PersonalStatement(PS)v1.WhatisPSabout?vSomethingaboutyourself.Knowingyourselfisimportantbecauseyouhavetowritesomethingaboutyourselfforschoolapplication,schola
4、rshipapplication,jobhunting,professionaltitleevaluationandsoon.v6characteristicsofPS:vToalargedegree,theparticulargraduateprogramyouareapplyingtowilldictatedictatethecontentofasuccessfulapplicationessay.However,certainqualitiesoftheseessaysapplyequallytoallfields.Admissionscommitteemembersarelooking
5、forinteresting,insightful,revealing,andnon-generic(非普通的；非通用的)essaysthatsuggestyouhavesuccessfullygonethroughaprocessofcarefulreflectionandself-examination.Youressayshouldofferaverythorough,probing,andanalyticallookatyourselfandyourobjectives.v1、InsightIntoYourCharacter(洞察你的个性洞察你的个性特征特征)vWhenwesaynon
6、-generic(一般的,普通的)above,wemeanapersonalstatementthatonlyyoucouldhavewritten,onethatdoesnotcloselyresemblewhatotherapplicantsarelikelywriting.Youachievethistypeofstatementbybeingpersonalandanalytical.Dontwastespaceonsuperficialgeneralizationsaboutyourlife.Instead,givethereaderspecific,personaldetailss
7、othatheorshewillbeabletounderstandyourcharacterandmotivation.Thenanalyzethosedetailsinawaythatdriveshomeclear,illuminating(servingtoinformorclarify;instructive)points.v2、Sincerity（真实（真实）vDontfocustooheavilyonwhatyouthinkadmissionsofficerswanttosee,attheexpenseofconveyingyourownmessageinyouruniqueway
8、.Beyourselfratherthanpretendingtobethe“ideal”applicant.Inundated(泛滥的)withcountlessclich-riddenessays,admissionscommitteesrespondveryfavorablytohonesty.Dontbeafraidtorevealyourself.Admissionsofficersareinterestedinfindingoutaboutwhoyouare,andtheyappreciatecandor(frankness).Sincerityisimportanttostres
9、sbecauseitshardformostofustoachieve,despitethefactthatitseemssosimple.Thepressuresandanxietiesofthesituationhavelockedusintoamindsetthatpreventsusfromwritinghonestly.Further,becausewearenotusedtowritingaboutourselvesandbeingsoclosetothesubject,wecannotassessthesincerityofourownwriting.vThousandsofst
10、udentseveryyearwillreadthissameadvice,whetherinaguidebookorevenintheapplicationinstructionsthemselves,buttheysimplywillnotbeabletoputitintopractice.Ifyoucanbeoneofthefewwhotrulyunderstandwhatitmeanstobesincere,thenyouwillalreadyhaveseparatedyourselffromthepackinacrucialway.Youmightquestionhowareader
11、whodoesntknowyoucanjudgeyourstatementssincerity.Thebasisforjudgmentusuallyliesinthecontextyourreaderhasdevelopedfromreadinghundredsorthousandsofotheressays.Assessingyouressayagainstothersisoneessentialareainwhichwecanofferamorecriticaleyethanyourfriends,relatives,orteacherswhohavenotaccumulatedtheex
12、pertise(专门知识或技能)specifictothepersonalstatement.v3、BackgroundandMotivation（综合背景和（综合背景和学习动机）学习动机）vDetailyourinterestinandexposuretoyourparticulardisciplineinathoughtfulway.Youareaspiringtobecomeaprofessionalinyourfield;therefore,youshouldexpressaninterestincontributingsomethingnovel(新颖的)toit.Makeclear
13、thatyouhavearealisticperceptionofwhatthisfieldentails(needs).Refertoexperiences(work,research,etc.),classes,conversationswithpeopleinthefield,booksyouveread,seminarsyouveattended,oranyothersourcesofspecificinformationaboutthecareeryouwantandwhyyouresuitedforit.Remembernottomakethisalaundrylistinwhic
14、hyourattleoff(talkrapidly)impressivenamesortheories.Anyspecificpeopleorideasyoumentionshouldbethoughtfullyaddressedandseamlesslyinterwovenintotheessayasawhole.v4、Objective（目标）（目标）vWhenyouwereapplyingtocolleges,nooneexpectedyoutobecertainaboutyourfuture.Atthegraduatelevel,however,youneedtodemonstrate
15、amorematuresenseofwhatyouwanttodo,andhowtheprogramyoureapplyingtofitsinwiththatintendedpath.Althoughadmissionsofficersarewellawarethatpeoplesgoalswillchange,theyatleastwanttoseesomesenseofdirectionsotheycanevaluateyourself-awarenessandcommitment.Iseekasenseofcommitment,asenseofdiscipline,andasensesp
16、ecificallyofwhatthestudentwantstodo.IdontthinkitsadvisableforanyonetowritethatheorshejustlovesEnglishliteratureandwantstoreadandwrite.Peoplehavetoknowwhatfieldtheywantoraremostlikelytoworkin,orwhatspecifickindsofprojectstheywanttopursueinafield.-GraduateEnglishDepartment,UCLAIthinkthemainthingistose
17、ewhetherthestudentisawareofandhasthoughtaboutthefieldtowhichheorsheisapplying.-GraduateEngineeringProgram,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyv5、AttributesoftheProgram（专业特征）（专业特征）vExplainwhytheparticularschoolsuniquefeaturesattractyou.Again,graduatestudyismuchmorefocusedthanundergraduatework;itsnotatimef
18、orunboundedexploration.Foryourownsake,youneedtodeterminewhetheraspecificprogrammeetsyourneeds,andsharingwhatyoudiscoverwiththeschoolscanshowthemwhyyoureagoodfit.Dotheresearchnecessarytofindoutwhatsetsyourchoiceapartfromotheruniversitiesorprograms.Donot,however,wastespaceonemptypraise.Forexample,dont
19、citetheworld-renownedfacultyanddiversestudentbodyasyourmainreasons,becausethesearetrite(老生常谈的),obviouslyprepackagedpointsthatyoucouldsayaboutanyschool.Instead,refertospecificcoursesoruniqueaspectsofthecurriculum,andshowaninterestinspecificclubsororganizations.vYoureallyhavetolettheadmissionscommitte
20、eknowwhatitisaboutthisprograminparticularthatinterestsyou.-TheWoodrowWilsonSchoolofPublicandInternationalAffairs,PrincetonUniversityIthelpsforthestudenttohavedonesomeresearchontheuniversitybeingappliedto.Itiseasytodifferentiateanapplicantwhoreallywantstocomeherebecauseofourspecialresourcesfromsomeon
21、ewhoseknowledgeoftheprogramcomessimplybywayofthebrochurewesendtoallinterestedapplicants.-GraduateEnglishDepartment,UCLAv6、WritingAbility（写作能力）（写作能力）Again,theimportanceofwritingabilityvariesaccordingtodifferentprograms.Agreatflair(talent)forlanguagewillnotgetyouadmittedintoabiochemistryprogram,butits
22、stillessentialtodemonstratestrongwrittencommunicationskills.Ontheotherhand,youshouldalsokeepinmindthatawell-writtenessaymakesitspointsclearlyandforcefully,soyourcontentbenefitsaswell.Goodwritingmeansmorethantheabilitytoconstructgrammaticalsentences.Youalsomustcreateacoherentstructureandensureproperf
23、lowasthepieceprogresses.Becausetheprocessofdevelopingideasandputtingthemdownonpaperissointimateandpersonal,allwritersendupneedingeditorstoassesstheeffectivenessoftheirproduct.Youshouldconsultpeoplewhosewritingyourespectforadviceorevenmorehands-onhelp.Sampleessay:GrowingUpvImshort.Imfivefootfive-well
24、,fivefootsixifIwanttoimpresssomeone.IftheaverageheightofAmericanmenisfivefootten,thatmeansImnearlyhalfafootshorterthantheaverageJoeoutthere.Andthentherearethebasketballplayers.Myheighthasalwaysbeensomethingthatssetmeapart;Itshelpeddefineme.ItsjustthataslongasIcanremember,Ihaventlikedthedefinitionver
25、ymuch.EverySundayingradeschool(primaryschool)mydadandIwouldwatchESPN(EntertainmentandSportsProgrammingNetwork.全球最大的体育电视网)PrimetimeFootball.Playingwithfriendsathome,IalwaysimaginedtheboomingESPNvoiceofChrisBermangivingtheplay-by-playofourstreetfootballgames.ButnomatterhowwellIperformedathomewithfrien
26、ds,duringschoolrecessthestigmaof“shortkid”stuckwith(follow)mewhilechoosingteams.vStillconcernedassenioryearrolledalong,Ivisitedagrowthspecialist.Pacingtheexamroominashaky,elliptical(椭圆的)orbit(轨道)worried,v“WhatifIvestoppedgrowing?Willmysocialstatusforeverbemarkedbymyshortness?”Inagradeschooldream,Iim
27、aginedChris“ESPN”BermansvoiceasheanalyzedthefantasticcatchIhadmadeforatouchdown(触地得分)whenwithastartthedoctorstrodein.Damp(使沮丧)withnervoussweat,IsatquietlywithmymomasheshowedustheX-raytakenofmyhand.Thebonesinmyseventeen-year-oldbodyhadmatured.Iwouldnotgrowanymore.Whoa.Iclenchedthesteeringwheelinfrust
28、rationasIdrovehome.Whatgoodweremygradesand“collegetranscript(学生成绩报告单)”achievementswhenevenmyfriendspoked(戏弄)funoftheshortkid?Whatgoodwasittoprayortogenuinelylivealifeoflove?NomatterhowmanyTaekwondo(跆拳道)medalsIhadwon,couldIeverbeconsideredtrulyathleticinawiry(slim),fivefootfiveframe?Icouldbedarkandha
29、ndsome,butcouldIeverbethe“tall”in“tall,darkandhandsome”?AllIwantedwassomeonespecialtolookupintomyeyes;allIwantedwassomeonetoask,“Couldyoureachthatforme?”vItsbeenhardtodealwith.Ihaventansweredallthosequestions,butIhavelearnedthatheightisntallitsmadeouttobe.Idratherbeashorter,compassionate(有同情心的)perso
30、nthanatalltyrant(专制统治者).Icanbeagiantinsomanyotherways:intellectually,spirituallyandemotionally.vIveironicallygrowntallerfrombeingshort.Itsenrichedmylife.Beingshorthascertainlyhaditsadvantages.Duringelementaryschoolinearthquake-proneCaliforniaforexample,myteachersconstantlypraisedmy“duckandcover”skil
31、ls.Theschoolbudgetwastightandthedesksweresosmallanoccasionallimbcouldalwaysbeseenstickingout.YetChrisShim,“blessed”inheight,alwaysmanagedtosqueezehimselfintoacompactandsafefetal(胎儿的)position.Thesamequalityhaspaidoffinhide-and-go-seek.“Imtheunofficialchampiononmyblock.)vLincolnoncedebatedwithSenatorS
32、tephenA.Douglasamagnificentorator,nationallyrecognizedatheleaderoftheDemocraticPartyof1858andbarelyfivefeetfourinchestall.Itseemssilly,butstandingontheflooroftheSenatelastyearIrememberedSenatorDouglasandimaginedthatIwouldonedaydebatewithafuturepresident.(Ithelpedtohaveatall,lanky(过分瘦长),beardedmanwit
33、hastove-tophattalkwithmethatafternoon.)ButIcouldjustaseasilybecomeanastronaut,ifnotmaybeinthehopeofgrowingafewinches(thespine(脊椎)spontaneouslyexpandsintheabsenceofgravity).vEvenatfivefeet,sixinches,theactorDustinHoffmanheldhisownagainstTomCruiseinthemovieRainmanandwentontowinhissecondAcademyAwardfor
34、BestActor.MichaelJ.Fox(55)constantlyusestalleractorstohiscomedic(喜剧的)advantage.Heighthasenhancedtheathleticismof“Muggsy”Bogues,theshortestplayerInthehistoryoftheNBAatfivefootthree.Hesusedthatedge(优势)toleadhisbasketballteaminsteals(theydontcallhim“Muggsy”fornothing).Theirheighthasputnolimitstotheirwo
35、rkintheartsorathletics.Neitherwillmine.vImfivefootfive.Ivestruggledwithitattimes,butIverealizedthatbeingfive-fivecantstopmefromjoiningtheSenate.Itwontstemmydreamofbecominganastronaut(IevenhavetheapplicationfromNASA).Myheightcantpreventmefromdirectingamovieandexcelling(擅长)inTaekwondo(orevenbasketball
36、).AtfivefootfiveIcanlaugh,jump,run,dance,write,paint,help,volunteer,pray,loveandcry.Icanbreak100inbowling.IcansingalongtoNatKingCole.IcanreciteAudreyHepburnslinesfromBreakfastatTiffanys.Icanrunthemileinundersixminutes,dancelikeawilddonkeyandbehopelesslywrappedupinagoodbook(thoughIhaveyettomasterthea
37、bilitytodoitallatonce).Ivelearnedthatmyheight,evenasadefiningcharacteristic,isonlyapartofthewhole.Itwontlimitme.Besides,thiswayIllneveroutgrowmyfavoritesweater.vAnalysisv“Growingup”followstheformofdiscussingaphysicalorcharactertrait(特征),andexploringitsimpactononeslife.Shimsstrategyisforthereadertoun
38、derstandhisfrustrationswithhisheight,aphysicalcharacteristicthathasplayedagreatroleinthewayheseeshimselfamonghisfamily,friends,andpeers.vThispieceworksbecauseitistothepoint,honest,andstraight-forward.Theopening,“Imshort,”deliversaclearmessagetothereaderoftheessaysmainidea.Astheessayprogresses,Shimre
39、vealshispersonalfeelingsandaspirations(志向,抱负).Hegivesusawindowintotheverymomentofdiscoverythathewouldnolongerbeabletogrow.WearetakenonatourofwhatmakesShimtick(非正式)某人的行为（或思想）动机是).Beingshorthasshapedandinfluencedhisoutlookontheworld,yetithasnotdiminishedhisgoals.Itispersonal,yetremainspositive.Herecog
40、nizesboththebenefitsandnegativesofhisshortstature(身高,身材)andisabletoconveytheminathoughtfulmanner.Furthermore,theessaynotonlyletsusintoShimsthoughtsonbeingsmallbuttellsushisvariedinterestsinpolitics,spaceexploration,sports,andthearts.Shimhasntjusttoldushowhisheight“doesntlimithim”hehasshownuswhy.v我很矮
41、，只有5英尺5英寸高为了更好地表现自己，给别人留下稍好一点的印象，我会说我有5英尺6英寸高。如果美国男子平均身高是5英尺10英寸，那么我的身高差不多比那些哥们儿少了半英尺。更别提与篮球队运动员相比了。身高总是一个把我区别于他人的因素，身高定义了我这个人。自从记事以来，我从未喜欢过这种别人用来定义我的方式。记得还在上小学时，每逢星期六，我和父亲总是爱看ESPN台黄金时间的橄榄球比赛。在和其他小朋友一起玩耍的时候，我总是想象着克里斯波尔曼用他那低沉的声音现场解说橄榄球比赛的情景。然而不论我在家和小朋友打篮球的技术有多好，学校挑选运动员时，“矮子”的耻辱总是跟随着我，使我无法如愿以偿。v上高二时，我
42、仍然担心着自己的身高，就去看了一名增高专家。我一边在检查室里的那个晃动着的椭圆形轨道上踱步，一边焦虑地想：如果我停止长高怎么办？我的社会地位将永远被标着一个“矮子”的记号吗？我回想起一个上小学时常做的梦，梦里回荡的全是ESPN台克里斯波尔曼的声音。他在解说一场橄榄球比赛中我的一个精彩按球触地动作就在这时，医生打断了我的“白日梦”，大踏步地走进检查室。我紧张地出了一身冷汗，乖乖地坐在我妈身边，听着医生讲解我手掌的X光片。在我17岁的身体里，所有的骨骼都已成形，我将永远不可能再长高了。v哦！回家的路上，我紧握着方向盘，满心的沮丧和失落。当朋友们都因我矮而取笑我时，优秀的学习成绩和大学成绩单还能给我
43、带来什么好处？为一个充满爱的生命的祈祷能有什么用？不论我已经获得了多少空手道的奖牌，在一个瘦小的5英尺5英寸高的框框下，能被真正看成是一个运动员吗？我能变得“黝黑”和“英俊”，但我能变得“高大”，就是“黝黑和英俊”里的“高大”吗？我所想要的一切也只是想让一个特别有声望的人能仰头望着我的眼睛；我所想要的一切也只是希望有人能问我一句：“你能帮我够到那样东西吗？”可想而知，这对我来说有多么的难。虽然我还不能回答所有那些问题，但我已经明白身高并不代表一切，我宁愿做个矮小却充满激情的人，而不愿成为一个高大的暴君。我可以用其他方式成为一个巨人：在智慧上、灵魂上和感情上高大而富有。出乎意料的是我从自己的矮小
44、身材中成长了很多，它丰富了我的生活。矮小当然不乏其优势。当我在加州地震长大时，老师们总是夸我“躲避隐藏”的技能高超当时学校财政紧张，课桌做得非常小，到需要避震时，我们就得躲到课桌下，一不小心，胳膊或腿就露在课桌外，失去保护。然而我克里斯朵夫史姆同志，却被他的身高“关照着”，总能设法将自己压缩在一个安全范围中，妥善地保护自己。这种优势还曾令我在“躲藏前进找”的竞赛中获利（我是我们属区非正式比赛的冠军）。v林肯曾和议员斯坦芬道格拉斯辩论过。斯坦芬是一名优秀的演说家，被全美公认为1858年民主党的领袖。他只有不到5英尺4英寸高。这也许听起来好笑，不过去年的某一天我站在议会厅中，想起了道格拉斯议员，并
45、想象着将来有一天我也能象他一样和未来的美国总统辩论（在那个下午，一个高瘦高瘦，满脸胡须，戴一顶象炉灶顶的帽子的人与我的谈话使我受益非浅）。我还想成为一名宇航员，因为我曾整天张着大嘴仰望星空。幻想着我在太空中因失重而脊椎骨伸长，摇身一变成了一个标准身材的人。虽然只有5英尺6英寸高，男影星达斯汀霍夫曼却能让自己和汤姆克鲁斯在电影雨人中同台献技，赢得了他第二个奥斯卡最佳男主角奖。迈克尔福克斯（5英尺5英寸）不断地运用比他身材高的男演员与他一起达到他在喜剧效果上的优势。在NBA篮球史上最矮的、只有5英尺3英寸的伯格斯在体育界出尽风头，他用身材矮小的优势带领他的篮球队友们施展“偷球”本领（所以大家叫他“
46、马格希”不是没有道理的，他是很受欢迎的。）他们的身高不论在文艺上或是体育上都没有限制他们的发展，身高也绝不会束缚我。我5英尺5英寸，曾多次为此尔挣扎，但我已意识到，5英尺5英寸既不会阻止我加入议员的行列，也不会阻止我成为宇航员的梦想。（我甚至已经有了申请NASA宇航学院的申请表）我的身高也不会限制我导演一部v电影并在空手道竞赛中又出色表现（或者甚至是篮球赛中）。身高5尺5，我能笑、能跳、能跑、能舞、能写、能画、能帮助别人、能成为志愿者、能祈祷、能爱、也能哭。我能打破保龄球100分的记录，能和NatKingCole一起唱歌，能一句不落地背诵电影蒂芬尼的早餐中奥黛丽赫本的台词，能在6分钟内跑完1海
47、里，能象一只野猴一样狂舞或全神贯注、不可救药地被一本书深深吸引（虽然我还没有本事同时将所有这些事一起做完）。我已经懂得身高虽然是我的标志，但只是我生命中的一部分，它不能限制我。而且，这样的身高，我永远都不用担心有一天我会穿不下我心爱的格呢衬衫！Part II: Recommendation LettervHowtowriteaRecommendationLetterforStudyingAbroadvOK.Youvewrittenadynamite(具有爆炸性的事物)personalstatementandfilledouttheapplications.Yourecopingwithscho
48、ol,work,research,volunteercommitments,andapplicationswhenallofasuddenyougetanunexpectedcurveball.Oneofyourrecommenderssays.Ireallywanttohelpyougetintogradschool.Whydontyouwritetheletterofrec,andIllsignit.Thatwayitwillemphasizeexactlywhatyouthinkismostimportant.vYouofcoursegraciously(通情达理的)acknowledg
49、etherecommendersgoodintentionsandthankhimorherfortheoutstandingidea.Inwardlyyoupanic,curse,andthink,Icantwriteonemoreword.WhenamIgoingtofindthetimetodoit?AndwhatonearthamIsupposedtosay?vRelax.Illtellyouwhatarecommendershouldsay.Infact,youcanpassthesetipsontoyourrecommendersincasetheydontknowwhattosa
50、yanddontaskyoutosayit.vActually,inAmerica,arecommendationletterisneededforschoolapplication,jobhunting,andevenforhouserent.Generallyspeaking,therecommenderissomebodywhoknowsyouandmakesomecommentsonyouasa3rdparty.So,bycontrastwiththepersonalstatement,itismoreobjective.Americaisacountrythatplacesagrea
51、temphasisonindividualcredit.Thatistosay,therecommenderactsasaguaranteewithhis/herowncredit.Therefore,therecommendationletterplaysaquiteimportantrole.Andajoboffercouldbeobtained,aapplicantcouldgettheadmission,andthescholarshipcouldbeoffered,onlyduetoonerecommendationletter.vManybodiesrequiretherecomm
52、endersendtheletterstraighttotheminUSA.Sonobodyknowswhattherecommendationletterisabout.Yearsago,aChinesestudent,Lugang,killedhissupervisoronthecampus.Itissaidthathehadaninterviewforajob,yethefailed.Sohesuspectedhissupervisormusthavewrittensomethingwronginhisrecommendationletter.Afterthat,thecompany,w
53、hichinterviewedLugang,publicizedthatrecommendationletter,inwhichLugangssupervisorpraisedhisalot.10TipsforRecommendersv1.Reviewacopyoftheapplicantspersonalstatementorapplicationessayssothatyourletterofrecommendationcandovetail(和.吻合)with-notconflictwithorduplicate-therestoftheapplication.v2.Asktheappl
54、icanttosupplyyouwithadditionalinformationlikearesume.v3.Describeyourqualificationsforcomparingtheapplicanttootherapplicants.vIhavebeenteachingfortwentyyearsandhaveadvisedapproximately450studentsonindependentresearchprojectsoverthelastfiveyears.vIhavepersonallysupervisedteninterns(实习学生)everysummerfor
55、thelastfiveyearsplusworkedwithovertwohundredcollegegraduatesinmycapacityastrainerforBigBankCorp.v4.Discusshowwellyouknowtheapplicant.vIwasabletogettoknowMr.Doebecausehemadeitapointtoattendtwoofmysectionseveryweekwhenonlyonewasrequired.vMs.Smithreporteddirectlytomefortwoyearspriortoherwell-deservedpr
56、omotiontothepositionofAssistantCampaignManager.v5.Choosetwotothreequalitiesthatyouobservedintheapplicant.vJanehasarareblendoftopwritingandinterpersonalskills.vThecombinationoftenacity(不屈不挠),analyticalabilities,andgoodcommunicationsskillsfoundinMr.Doeistrulyunique.v6.Indiscussingthosequalities,suppor
57、tyourstatementswithspecificinstancesinwhichheorshedemonstratedthoseattributes(品性，品质).BeasconcreteanddetailedaspossiblevHeistheonlystudentIeverhadwhocametoallmyofficehoursaspartofarelentless(不屈不挠的;不懈的),andultimatelysuccessful,drivetomasterpoliticaltheory.HewasoneofjusttenpercentintheclasstoreceiveanA
58、.vBecauseofJaneswritingskills,IdidnthesitatetoaskhertowriteareportwhichwasusedbyourPAC(Pan-AfricanistCongress)asthebasisforamajorpolicystatement.CongressmanXeventuallyusedthestatement,basedonJanessophisticated20-pageanalysisofMiddleEastpolitics,inlobbying(向进行游说)forincreasedfunding.v7.Trytoquantify(使
59、量化)thestudentsstrengthsorrankhimorhervisavis(相对)otherapplicantsthatyouhaveobserved.vHewasinthetop10%ofhisclass.vShehasthebestanalyticalskillsofanypersonheragethatIhaveeversupervised.v8.Avoidgeneralities(概括性的话)andplatitudes(陈词滥调).v9.Includesomemildcriticism,typicallytheflip-side(Theoppositeside)ofast
60、rength.vTheonlyfaultIhaveencounteredinhimishisretiring(shy)nature.Hismodestysometimeshidesayoungmanofremarkablestrengthandbroadinterests.vOccasionally,herfortitude(坚韧,刚毅)andpersistencecanturnintostubbornness,butusuallyhergoodnatureandlevel-headedness(头脑冷静，清醒，稳健)prevail.v10.Discusstheapplicantspotent
61、ialinhisorherchosenfield.vIenthusiasticallyrecommendMr.Doetoyourgraduateschool.Thiswell-rounded(多才多艺的)studentwillbeafinesocialworker.vWithherexceptionalleadership,writing,andresearchskills,Ms.Smithwillbeanoutstandingprofessorandacredit(带给荣誉的事物)tothegraduateschoolsheattends.PartIII:Resume/CVv成功的申请可以帮
62、助你按自己的条件进入最合适的学校，是不可忽视的一项，个人简历是反映一个申请者自身情况的材料。国外绝大多数的学校都要求申请者提供，并作为审查批准入学的重要依据之一。v个人简历的英译很多，如“PersonnelVita”、“AutobiographicalStatement”、“PersonalStatement”、“Autobiography”、“Resume”。其中常用的是“Resume”和“CV(CurriculumVitae)”。个人简历一般应简要写明本人所受教育、专业兴趣、工作经历、所取得的成绩及家庭背景。vResumeisneededforjobhuntingaswell.v“CV”&
63、“resume”:vTheterm“curriculumvitae”comesfromtheLatinCurriculum(course)andVitae(life):Thecourseofoneslife.Itisvitae(notvita)becauselifeinthephrasecourseoflife.isinthegenitive(所有格的)singular.”-EricDaniels,CVACurriculumVitae(CV)resemblesaresumeinmanyways,butismorespecificallyfocusedonacademicachievements
64、.ACVsummarizeseducationalandacademichistory,andmayincludedetailsaboutteachingexperience,publications(books,articles,researchpapers,unpublishedmanuscripts,orbookchapters),andacademichonorsandawards.UseaCVratherthanaresumeforteachingorresearchopportunities,applyingforfellowshipsorforfurtheracademictra
65、ining.SomeresearchpositionsinindustrymayalsopreferaCVratherthanaresumeCVsarefrequentlylongerthanresumes,sincetheemphasisisoncompletenessratherthanbrevity.v有关个人简历写作的注意要点。综合各校的要求，特做如下分析：1.个人简历的结构可分为三或四个段落。第一段落简单交待自己的个人情况，如姓名、出生时间及地点、家庭背景等。良好的家庭教育对你的成才当然有利。但美国对此不很重视，一般可以不写。第二段可以围绕你的求学经过来展开，但不要用流水帐式的写法使
66、叙述过于生硬刻板。第三段以你的大学生活为主，你为何选此学科，可以与前面的叙述相呼应。第四段要说明你个人的能力、性格。2.内容要着重在你留学的动机，目前所取得的成绩，你终生的目标。3.个人简历避免过多的形容词，例如，想象力十分丰富、创造力超群等，宜举小小的例子来说明。4.个人简历约200300字为可，不宜写得太长。文书写作之个人简历翻译件样本文书写作之个人简历翻译件样本v1.PersonalInformationvName:vSex:vBirth:vv2.Education（如曾获得Scholarships也在此写明）vv3.ResearchandWorkingExperiencevv4.Fie
67、ldsofInterest(Important!)v6.ExtracurricularActivities文书写作文书写作:简历常用词汇简历常用词汇(1)v个人资料name姓名alias别名penname笔名dateofbirth出生日期birthdate出生日期born出生birthplace出生地点age年龄nativeplace籍贯province省city市autonomousregion自治区prefecture专区county县nationality民族，国籍citizenship国籍duelcitizenship双重国籍address地址currentaddress目前地址pre
68、sentaddress目前地址permanentaddress永久地址postalcode邮政编码homephone住宅电话officephone办公电话businessphone办公电话Tel.电话sex性别male男female女height身高weight体重maritalstatus婚姻状况familystatus家庭状况married已婚single/unmarried未婚divorced离异separated分居numberofchildren子女人数none无street街lane胡同，巷road路district区vhousenumber门牌health健康状况healthco
69、ndition健康状况bloodtype血型short-sighted近视far-sighted远视color-blind色盲IDcardNo.身份证号码dateofavailability到职时间available到职membership会员，资格president会长vice-president副会长director理事standingdirector常务理事secretarygeneral秘书长society学会association协会researchsociety研究会graduate毕业生文书写作文书写作:简历常用词汇简历常用词汇(2)v教育程度教育程度education学历edu
70、cationalbackground教育程度educationalhistory学历curriculum课程major主修minor副修educationalhighlights课程重点部分vCurriculumincluded课程包括specializedcourses专门课程coursestaken学课程coursescompleted学课程specialtraining特别训练socialpractice社会实践part-timejobs业余工作summerjobs暑期工作vacationjobs假期工作refreshercourse进修课程extracurricularactiviti
71、es课外活动physicalactivities体育活动recreationalactivities娱乐活动academicactivities学术活动socialactivities社会活动rewards奖励scholarship奖学金ThreeGoodsstudent三好学生excellentLeaguemember优秀团员excellentleader优秀干部studentcouncil/union学生会voff-jobtraining脱产培训in-jobtraining职培训veducationalsystem学制academicyear学年semester学期（美）term学期（英）
72、vpresident校长vice-president副校长dean院长assistantdean副院长academicdean教务长departmentchairman系主任professor教授associateprofessor副教授guestprofessor客座教授lecturer讲师teachingassistant助教researchfellow研究员researchassistant助理研究员supervisor论文导师principal中学校长（美）headmaster中学校长（英）master小学校长（美）deanofstudies教务长deanofstudents教导主任d
73、eanofstudents教导主任teacher教师probationteacher代课教师tutor家庭教师governess女家庭教师intelligencequotient智商pass及格fail及格marks分数grades分数scores分数examination考试grade年级class班级monitor班长vice-monitor副班长commissaryinchargeofstudies学习委员commissaryinchargeofentertainment文娱委员commissaryinchargeofsports体育委员commissaryinchargeofphysi
74、callabor劳动委员commissaryinchargeofpublicity宣传委员commissaryinchargeoforganization组织委员vPartybranchsecretary党支部书记Leaguebranchsecretary团支部书记degree学位postdoctorate博士后doctor(Ph.D)博士master硕士bachelor学士student学生graduatestudent研究生abroadstudent留学生returnedstudent回国留学生foreignstudent外国学生undergraduate大学肄业生senior大学四年级学
75、生；高中三年级学生Junior大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman大学一年级学生vgueststudent旁听生（英）auditor旁听生（美）government-supportedstudent公费生commoner自费生extern走读生day-student走读生intern实习生prizefellow奖学金生boarder寄宿生classmate同班同学schoolmate同校同学graduate毕业生文书写作文书写作:简历常用词汇简历常用词汇(3)v个人品质个人品质vable有才干，能干active主动，活跃adaptabl
76、e适应性强adroit灵巧，机敏aggressive有进取心alert机灵ambitious有雄心壮志amiable和蔼亲amicable友好analytical善分析apprehensive有理解力aspiring有志气，有抱负audacious大胆，有冒险精神capable有能力，有才能careful办事仔细candid正直charitable宽厚competent能胜任confident有信心conscientious认真，自觉considerate体贴constructive建设性contemplative好沉思cooperative有合作精神creative富创造力dashing有一
77、股子冲劲，有拼搏精神dedicated有奉献精神devoted有献身精神dependable靠diplomatic老练，有策略disciplined守纪律discreet（行动，说话等方面）谨慎dutiful尽职的vdynamic精悍earnest认真well-educated受过良好教育efficient有效率energetic精力充沛enthusiastic充满热情expressive善表达faithful守信，忠诚forceful（性格）坚强frank直率，真诚friendly友好frugal俭朴generous宽宏大量genteel有教养gentle有礼貌hard-working勤劳h
78、earty精神饱满honest诚实hospitable殷勤humble恭顺humorous幽默impartial公正independent有主见industrious勤奋ingenious有独创性initiative首创精神haveaninquiringmind爱动脑筋intellective有智力intelligent理解力强inventive有发明才能，有创造力just正直kind-hearted好心knowledgeable有见识learned精通某门学问liberal心胸宽大logical条理分明loyal忠心耿耿methodical有方法modest谦虚motivated目的明确ob
79、jective客观open-minded虚心orderly守纪律original有独创性painstaking辛勤，苦干，刻苦practical实际precise一丝苟persevering不屈不挠punctual严守时刻purposeful意志坚强strong-willed意志坚强sweet-tempered性情温和temperate稳健tireless孜孜倦vqualified合格rational有理性realistic实事求reasonable讲道理reliable信赖responsible负责self-conscious自觉selfless无私sensible明白事理sincere真诚
80、smart精明spirited生气勃勃sporting光明正大steady塌实straightforward老实strict严格systematic有系统v范例1计算机系毕业生个人简历vIhavethehonortopresentabriefintroductionofmyselftoyouincompliancewiththerequirementsofyourgraduateadmissionvIwasborninNovember7th,1966,atthetownofChanging,Beijing.Myparentsaredoingbusinessandfarming.Ihaveone
81、eldersister,oneyoungersister,andtwoyoungerbrothers.Thefamilyisinawell-to-docountrywithharmonizedatmosphere.Aftermyelementaryandjuniorhighschooleducationatmyhometown,IwentonmyseniorhighschooleducationatapublicvocationaltechnicalhighschoolattheneighboringcountyFangshan.CoursesIhavetakenthereinclude:me
82、chanicalstructure,appliedmechanicaldynamics,materialstrength,heattreatmentanalysis,andelectricalengineering.Ialsohadpracticecoursesonlathe(车床)work,benchwork,casting,engineeringdrawing,andelectronictelevisionrepairskill.Aftergraduationfromthistechnicalschool,IfoundajobattheEvergreenTrafficCorp.WhenIh
83、adworkedonevyearinmechanicaldesignandheattreatmentanalysis,IwasadmittedtotheComputerScienceDepartmentofBeijingInstituteofTechnologies.vComputerscienceeducationwasanextensionofmypursuitinelectronicknowledge,ithadledmeintotheworldofappliedelectronics.CoursesIhadtakenare:Calculus,ComputerProgramming(FO
84、RTRAN,COBOL,ASSEMBLY,andBASIC),Computerarchitecture,algorithm,maintenance,systemanalysis,andsomerelatedcoursesinAccounting,Statistics,Operatingresearch,Digitalvalueanalysis.vBeginningatthesecondyearofcollege,IparticipatedinaworkstudyprogramandwasassignedtothecomputercenterofFarEastTextileCorp.asnigh
85、t-shiftcomputeroperator,ThecomputersIdealtwithwereCDC3300MSOSandIBM370-115DOS/VSsystem.ThemajorworkIhaddonewasthesystemtransferenceofCDC3300:MSOStoIBM370-115DOS/VS.vIn1989,IwasemployedbyChinaAutomobileCorp.asacomputerprogrammer,andwasinformedtoworkonthefirstofJune.vForthefirstsixmonthsofmyservice,Iw
86、asinchargeoftheIBM4331;DOS/VSESystemOperation,andlaterondealtwithpersonnel/payrollandfinancingsystemprogrammingworks.Inthesecondyear,Iwaspromotedtobeasystemanalystforpersonnel/payrollsystem.Inanattempttoupgradetheefficiencyofcomputerdataprocessandtosimplifyusersoperatingprocedures,Iredesignedthewhol
87、eworkingsystemandIsuccessfullytransferredaBatchoperationfromorientedsystemtoon-linesystem.Inthethirdyear,Ispentfivemonthsinthedevelopingofsubsystemoffinancing-accounting.NosoonerhadIfinishedthatsystemthanIwasreassignedasaSubsystemProgrammerinchargeofDOS/VSE,CICS,andVTAM.AtthatpositionIhavefullrespon
88、sibilityforaffairsoftechnicaltransition,systemdevelopment,recruittraining,andnetworkcommunications.vWiththeelapseoftimeandtheaccumulationofexperiences,Iamnowfamiliarwithallofthepopularcomputerlanguages:FORTRAN,COBOL,ASSEMBLY,andBASIC.Otherthantheselanguages,Ihavealsolearnedandpracticedinplanning,des
89、igning,andanalyzingofthefollowingcomputerapplications:DL/1,DataBase,On-line(CICS,BMS),DataCommunicationNetwork(ACF/VTAM/NCP),VM,DOS/VSEOperatingSystem:Personnel/Payroll,AccountingApplicationSystemandetc.FortheseachievementsIoweagreatdealtoChinaInformationAssociationSinceIhavetakenalmosteverytraining
90、coursetheyhaveoffered.vWiththeever-increasinglevelofmywork,Iamfeelingstronglythatthetheoreticalstudyandactualpracticeareequallyimportantanddependentoneachother.ThoughIpersonallypossessmanyyearsofexperiencesinactualpractices,thereisalwaysneedformetoextendmyexistingtheoreticalbasisforfutureresearch.My
91、loveforcomputersciencesandmyinquisitivenesshadpushedmetoapplyforyourgraduateschooladmission,andIhavedecided.shouldIbeacceptedbyyou,Iwillconcentrateonthefieldofnet-work-data-communication,thenmakeabreakthroughonmycurrentwaysofthinkingincomputerrelatedresearchanddevelopment.Finally,IexpectthatI,myself
92、,asonememberoftodaysworldofcomputerdomain,Ishouldstrivetooffermybestprofessionalcomputerservicetooursociety.v范例2化学系毕业生个人简历vIwasborninBeijing,Chinain1975.InmyearlyschoolyearsIattendedLaoSongPrimarySchool.AftermygraduationIenteredtheBeijinglstGirlsSchoolThisisthebestmiddleschoolinBeijing.Girlsareadmit
93、tedonthebasisofacompetitiveentranceexamination.DuringmymiddleschoolyearsIwasveryactiveinschoolactivitieswhilestillmaintainingahighacademicrecord.TwiceIwonthefirstprizeforthebestintheThreePrinciples-1)Outstandinggrades,2)moralcharacter,and3)Goodhealth.Thisprizewasagreathonor.Iregularlyattendedtheyout
94、hGroupandthereImetseveralAmericanswhohelpedmetoimprovemyEnglish.UpongraduationfrommiddleschoolIenteredBeijingUniversity.Thiswasalsoonthebasisofacompetitiveexamination.Itwasaveryfrighteningthingtotakethistest,becausetherewasnotenoughroominChineseUniversitiesforeveryonewhowishedtoattend.Iwasveryfortun
95、atetohaveagoodbackgroundandahighscholasticaverage.Thesehelpedmeagreatdeal.vImajoredinChemistryatBeijingUniversity.ThiswasmainlybecauseIenjoyeditsomuchinmiddleschoolandIhopedsomedaytoteachitincollegeorperhapsdosomeresearch.AsanundergraduateIenjoyedallmycourses,butIespeciallylikedmymajorsubject.Myfacu
96、ltyadvisor,Dr.Wen,helpedmechoosethecourseswhichwereofthemostinteresttome.Healsoencouragedmetodooutsidereadingandresearch.WithhishelpIbecamealabassistantwhichbroadenedmyknowledgeofchemistry.Dr.WenalsostrengthenedmydesiretostudyabroadandsuggestedseveralAmericanUniversitieswhichhadgoodreputationsinmyfi
97、eld.Asaresultofhisencouragementandagreatdealofstudy,IgraduatedfromBeijingUniversitywithveryhighgrades-almostatthetopofmyclass.vInadditiontomyprimaryinterestinchemistry,IhavealwaysbeeninterestedinChineseliteratureandpainting.WhileIwasattheuniversity,Itooksomepaintingandartcourses.Ifoundpaintingcouldr
98、elaxmeandenablesmetoseethingsinabetterperspectivewhenIwasdepressedorwhenIhadaproblem.vInthefuturemygoalistogetmyM.A.andmyPh.D.fromanAmericanUniversityinthefieldofChemistry.IplantoreturntoChinatoteachinamiddleschooloraUniversity.ThisisbecauseIfeelverystronglythatChinaneedsbettereducated,betterinforme
99、dteachers.StudyingAbroad留学海外留学海外vHelpfulTipsforChoosingaUSSchool如何选择学校vFormostChineseuniversitystudents,theUSisafavoritedestinationforfurthereducation.ButapartfromobstaclessuchastheGREandTOFELexams,choosingagoodgraduateschoolisnoeasytake.Admissionisverycompetitiveforinternationalstudents,soitsimport
100、anttoapplytoanumberofinstitutionstohaveareasonablechanceofacceptance.Sincetheapplicationtomostuniversitiesrequiresacertainfee,Chinesestudentsusuallychoose7to15universitiesaccordingtotheirfinancialcircumstances.vTobroadenoneschances,atleastonethirdoftheapplicationsshouldbetolessselectiveschools.Appli
101、cantsshouldntlimittheirchoicestothemostrenownedinstitutions.Furthermore,oneshouldntrelytoomuchoncollegerankings.Therightschoolistheonethatbestmeetsyourownpersonalneedsandinterests,ratherthansomeoneelsesassessmentofaninstitutionsprestige.vUsuallychoicesarebasedononespersonalinterestsandacademicbackgr
102、ound,butitsimportanttomakesurethatoneschosensubjectitcateredfor.Thosewhowanttotransfertoanewfieldmustpasscertainexamsonthesubjectfirst.vItisimportanttomakesurethatthedepartmenthasatleastsomerecognition,inthespecificfield.awell-knownprofessorwillbehelpfultoonesstudyaswellaspersonaldevelopment.vSometi
103、mesithelpstolimitthesearchtooneregionoftheUS,suchastheeastorthewestcoast,beforelookingforschoolsthatmatchotherrequirements.Themostimportantfactorsinchoosingalocationareclimateandlivingcosts.vCostsarehigherinlargecitieslikeNewYorkandBoston.Incontrast,theyaremuchlowerinthesouthandincitieslikePittsburghandSeattle.vThemostpopularstatesforinternationalstudentsareNewYork,California,Massachusetts,Ohio,Florida,Michigan,NewJersey,andTexas.P.S.美国院校资料网站：美国院校资料网站：v（1）Y(http:/
