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1、第第14讲八年级讲八年级(下下)Units 910英语英语1invent(v.)invention(n.)发明物inventor(n.)发明者2believe(v.)believable(adj.)可信的unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的3usual(adj.)unusual(反义词)特别的；不寻常的4encourage(v.)encouragement(n.)鼓励5peace(n.)peaceful(adj.)和平的6collect(v.)collection(n.)收集7safe(adj.)safety(n.)安全dangerous(adj.)危险的danger(n.)危险8s
2、imply(adv.)simple(adj.)简单的9most(adj.)大多数mostly(adv.)主要地10scarf(n.)scarves/scarfs(复数)11own(v.)owner(n.)拥有者12true(adj.)truth(n.)真相；事实truthful(adj.)诚实的；真实的13especial(adj.)especially(adv.)尤其；特别；格外1put up a tent搭帐篷2encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事3a couple of两个；一对；几个4thousands of数以千计的；许许多多的5on the one hand
3、.on the other hand.一方面另一方面6have problems doing sth.做某事有麻烦7board game棋类游戏8all year round全年9three quarters四分之三10check out查看；观察11clear out清理；丢掉12no longer不再；不复13part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)14as for至于；关于15to be honest说实在的16according to依据；按照17close to几乎；接近1Have you ever been to a science museum？你去过科技博物馆？2I h
4、ave been to the art museum many times我去过艺术博物馆很多次了。3Ive never been to a water park.我从未去过水上乐园。Me neither我也没去过。4Lets go somewhere different today.我们今天去某个不同的地方吧。5Its really interesting，isnt it？它确实很有趣，是不是？6Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself观看他们准备沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人享受。
5、7How long have you had that bike over there？那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？Ive had it for three years！我买了三年了！8Jim has been in Japan for three days.吉姆在日本待了三天了。9Nowadays，millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市寻找工作。10I used to return home at least once a year，but I
6、 havent been back for almost three years now.我过去一年至少回去一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。 three quarters【典例在线】Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。Two thirds of the new students are from No.1 Middle School.三分之二的新生来自第一中学。【拓展精析】three quarters四分之三。英语中分数的表示法为：分子分母。通常分子是基数词，分母是序数词，若分子大于一，则分母用复数形式
7、。如1/5 one fifth，4/5 four fifths。若表示“中的几分之几”，常用“分数of名词”结构，此结构作主语时，谓语动词与名词在数上保持一致。【活学活用】1)_C_ of the students in our class _ girls.(2014，益阳)ATwo fifth；isBTwo fifth；areCTwo fifths；are DTwo fifths；iswhenever【典例在线】You can ask for help whenever you need it.你无论何时需要帮助都可以提出来。Whatever you say，Ill believe you.
8、无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whoever telephones，tell him (her) Im out.不管是谁打电话，告诉他(她)我出去了。【拓展精析】whenever意为“在任何时候；无论何时”，与no matter when同义。作连词可引导让步状语从句。类似的词还有whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whoever(无论谁)等。【活学活用】2)Kates dad is getting old.She will go back home to see him _C_ it is convenient.(2013，江西)Abecause BalthoughCwh
9、enever Dunlessregard【典例在线】She regards the books as good friends.她把书当作好朋友。【拓展精析】regard意为“将认为；把视为”。常见用法有regard sb./sth.as.表示“将某人/某物看作”。【活学活用】3)史蒂芬霍金把他的许多身体问题看得不重要。(2013，宜宾)Stephen Hawking regards his many physical problems as unimportant.especially【典例在线】Flowers are always welcomed，especially in winter
10、.鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是在冬天。【拓展精析】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中常用作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。其形容词形式为especial，意为“特别的；特殊的”。【活学活用】4)The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around，_A_ in winter.Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists.(2013，哈尔滨)Aespecially BgenerallyCprobably DfinallyIve never be
11、en to a water park.我从来没有去过水上公园。Me neither.我也没去过。【典例在线】She doesnt like playing basketball.她不喜欢打篮球。Me neither.我也不喜欢。He can speak English.他会讲英语。Me too.我也会。【拓展精析】Me neither意为“我也不”。表示前一句所述的否定情况也适用于后者时，可用此简略形式。Me too意为“我也一样”。表示前一句所述的肯定情况也适用于后者时，可用此简略形式。【活学活用】1)He didnt finish his homework yesterday.Me_nei
12、ther(我也没有。)Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46yearold husband and father.钟伟，一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一位。【典例在线】Tom is a 10yearold boy.Tom is a boy of 10 years old.汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。【拓展精析】46yearold是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语。这种复合形容词有两个特点：一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词连字符“”名词(单数)。【活学活用】2)A _B_ player named L
13、i Jianrou from China won Chinas first gold medal in 2014 winter Olympics.(2014，邵阳)A27yearsold B27yearoldC27 years old D27yearolds3)The park is far away from here indeed.Its about _D_ walk.(2014，苏州)Aa three hour Ba three hoursCa threehours Da threehourI have had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我已经买了三年
14、了。【典例在线】She has worked here for five years.她在这儿工作五年了。He has been in the army for two years.他参军已经两年了。【拓展精析】在现在完成时中，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词通常用延续性动词。如：learn，be，work，know，keep，have等。【活学活用】4)What a nice bike！How long _D_ you _ it?Just for five weeks.Awill；buy Bdid；buyCare；having Dhave；had5)Look at these sta
15、mps.I _B_ them for five years.Wow，they are wonderful.Akept Bhave keptChave bought Dboughthave/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in【典例在线】I have never been to a water park.我从来都没有去过水上公园。Wheres Kathy？凯西在哪里？Shes gone to Shanghai.她去上海了。He has been in Beijing for ten years.他在北京10年了。【拓展精析】have been
16、 to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与ever或never连用，也可与表示次数的词连用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。have been to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与ever或never连用，也可与表示次数的词连用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。have gone to“去了”，在去某地的路上或已经在某地，人还未回来，只能用于第三人称。have been in“已经在(某地)”，常与一段时间连用。【活学活用】1)Where is Mr.Wang?He together with his students _A_ Zhuyuwan Park.(2014，扬州)Ahas gone to Bhave
17、 gone toChas been to Dhave been to2)Have you ever been to Tokyo?Yes，I _B_ there twice.Its a modern city.Ahave gone Bhave beenChad gone Dhave been tosince，for【典例在线】My aunt has worked in a bank since 1992.自从1992年我姑姑就在一家银行工作。I have been in Beijing since I left home.自从离开家我就在北京了。Weve known each other for
18、 more than two years.我们认识两年多了。【拓展精析】现在完成时常和since及for引导的时间状语连用。since之后常接过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日、钟点)；一段时间ago；从句(从句多用一般过去时)来说明动作起始时间。for之后常接时间段，说明某种情况已经持续了一段时间。句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词。现在完成时中，对一段时间提问，常用how long。【活学活用】3)How long have you lived in the new flat?_C_ 2012.(2013，扬州)AInBAfterCSinceDBefore4)Im looking after T
19、om today.Hes been in my house _C_ 8： 00 this morning.(2013，十堰)Aat Bfor Csince Dtilldo with，deal with【典例在线】I dont know how they deal with the problem.I dont know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们是如何处理这个问题的。【拓展精析】两者都表示“处理”。但do with常和疑问词what连用；deal with常和疑问词how连用。【活学活用】5)Many students dont know how
20、to _B_ stress and become worried.I think theyd better ask their teachers for help.Aargue with Bdeal withCquarrel with Dcome up with一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1Youll be safe (安全的) here.2Air pollution is one of the most serious social (社会的) problems there.3Jack is an honest (诚实的) boy，so we all like him very
21、much.4To my shame (羞愧) I never thanked him for his kindness.5No one is perfectEverybody makes mistakes sometimes.6In spring leaves begin to grow on the trees.7Look！There is a house among the trees.8We all regard our English teacher as our best friend.二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。fox，simple，childhood，mem
22、ory，scarf，perform，it9I spent my early childhood in my hometown.10That song always brings back lots of good memories11The house itself is very beautiful.12We like to watch the performance of the band Indigo.13There are several foxes in this zoo.14You can enjoy all the water sports，or simply lie on th
23、e beach.15We need three scarves/scarfs for the girls.三、单项选择。16Mum，_A_ of the apples _ gone bad.Wed better eat up the rest as soon as possible.(2014，内江)Aone third；have Bone thirds；haveCone third；has Dfirst three；has【解析】本题考查分数表达法。英语中分数的分子为基数词，分母为序数词；当分子大于一的时候，分母要用复数。谓语动词的单复数形式由所修饰的名词来决定，若修饰的是不可数名词，谓语动
24、词一律用单数。这里是修饰的可数名词apples，谓语动词用复数。17Peter has never been to a water park._D_AI havent neither BI havent tooCMe too DMe neither【解析】Me neither意为“我也不”，表示前一句所述的否定情况也适用于后者时；Me too意为“我也一样”，表示前一句所述的肯定情况也适用于后者。由句意“皮特从没有去过水上公园”可知此句是否定情况，故选D。18_B_ have you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to
25、 the school.(2013，上海)AHow old BHow longCHow much DHow soon【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析。结合答语可知上句问的应是“你在运动俱乐部多长时间了？”故How long符合题意。19Liu Ming，is that our headteacher Miss Chen over there？(2014，福州)It cant be her.She _B_ Xiamen for a meeting.Ahas been to Bhas gone toChas been away Dhas gone【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。have been
26、to意为“去过”；have gone to意为“到去了(还未回来)”；have been away意为“离开”。由“It cant be her.”可知，她去厦门参加会议了(人还未回来)。故选B。20She _B_ her hometown since she was 18 years old.She told me she would return soon.(2014，凉山)Ahas left Bhas been away fromCleft Dwent away【解析】本题考查动词的时态。本题的关键词是“since she was 18 years old”，应用现在完成时，由此可排除C
27、、D两项；又因leave是非延续性动词，因此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，故排除A；leave所对应的延续性动词短语为“be away (from)”，故选B。写作典例之旅游与安全(一)(2011，温州)初中的生活即将结束，一项调查结果显示很多同学想在考试后去旅游，但是也有同学不喜欢旅游。请以“Traveling Is. ”为题写一篇100词左右的短文谈谈你的看法。要求：1.先把题目补充完整(可用interesting，boring等)；2文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。【范文欣赏一】Traveling Is InterestingTraveling is interesting.
28、You will have lots of fun things to do and see during the trip.Just imagine that you are walking in the beautiful mountains，enjoying the fresh air and listening to the birds singing.Its amazing，isnt it? Sometimes，you may meet people from different places and make friends with them，which makes your t
29、rip a more pleasant one.Also，you may have many interesting things to share with your friends when you are back.All the pleasure of your trip will be kept in your memory.Its not surprising that so many students cant wait to go traveling after the examination!【范文欣赏二】Traveling Is BoringTraveling is usu
30、ally boring.There are always too many people in places of interest in China and it is crowded everywhere，especially on holidays.Just imagine that you are waiting in line，hungry and thirsty.“Why do I come here? To see the crowd？” you may complain.If you are unlucky，you may meet a bad guide who pushes
31、 you to shop here and there.Its terrible，isnt it? Also，you may have to get up early to take the plane or wait in the airport for hours because of the delayed flight.Therefore，I prefer to stay at home than go traveling after the examination. (二)(2014，安徽)假定你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给
32、他回一封电子邮件。家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；交通安全： 过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。提示词：electricity (n.电)注意：1.词数80100；2请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；3文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；4邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。【范文欣赏】Dear_David，Glad_to_receive_your_email.Our_school_has_made_many_safety_rules_for_us_to_follow.Let_me_tell_you_something_about_them.We are
33、asked to be careful with electricity when we are using it.It is dangerous to play with fire，for it may cause terrible accidents.We should make sure doors and windows are shut before we leave.Besides，we are not allowed to swim alone，especially in deep rivers or lakes.If we really want to，we must go t
34、o the swimming pool with our parents or teachers.Whats more，following traffic rules is also very important.Everyone should watch out when crossing the road.And our school warns us not to play on the road.I_think_these_rules_are_necessary_as_safety_comes_first.Have_a_good_summer_holiday!Yours，Wang_Wei请完成考点集训14
