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1、Lecture 7 Active Romantic Poets Byron , Shelley& John Keats.1George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)2 Life of Gordon Byron Birth and family: an impoverished noble family in London in 1788. Born with a clubfoot(畸形足畸形足) . age of 10, he was made the sixth Lord Byron. Education: Harrow School, Trinity College o
2、f Cambridge University. Marriage: unhappy marriage and divorced.Experience and death : a tour for Europe for 2 years. He joined the struggle for the national independence of Greece. Died from fever in 1824.3Noble rank in EnglandDuke 公爵公爵Marquis/Marquess 侯爵侯爵Earl 伯爵伯爵Viscount 子爵子爵Baron 男爵男爵Lord 勋爵勋爵4
3、 Byron at his death bed 5Byrons main worksIn 1807: Hours of Idleness 闲暇时刻闲暇时刻18091811: Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰尔德恰尔德哈罗德游记哈罗德游记 “I awoke one morning to find myself famous”1818-1832 : masterpiece- Don Juan唐璜唐璜.DON JUAN: dnhw:n n. 唐璜唐璜(西班牙传说中的人物西班牙传说中的人物,风流贵族风流贵族,诱奸者诱奸者.为许多为许多诗歌诗歌,戏剧和歌剧的男主角戏剧和歌剧的男主角
4、),淫荡者淫荡者His Short LyricsPoems about nature, love or his political aspiration. 6What is Byronic hero? A Byronic hero is a proud, rebellious figure of noble birth. Passionate and powerful, he is to right all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and he would fight single-handedly(单枪匹马单枪匹马) against all the
5、misdoings with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.The Byronic Hero“拜伦式英雄拜伦式英雄” 7Characters of Byronic hero noble birth, young handsome, proud melancholy, passionaterebellious, individualsympathetic 8But A loose sexual life Seduces beautiful young women Having love affairs with them These
6、 heroes resemble Byron himself and thus got the name of “Byronic hero”.9She Walks in BeautyShe Walks in Beauty10She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies;And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heav
7、en to gaudy day denies.她走在美的光影里，如夜空一般，她走在美的光影里，如夜空一般， 皎洁无云，星光灿烂，皎洁无云，星光灿烂，白昼黑夜的色泽精粹，白昼黑夜的色泽精粹， 在她的玉容秋波里交汇，在她的玉容秋波里交汇，凝聚成一片柔雅情调，凝聚成一片柔雅情调， 浓艳的白昼也无法从上苍得到。浓艳的白昼也无法从上苍得到。11One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace. Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens oer
8、 her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling place.多一道阴影，少一抹光晕，多一道阴影，少一抹光晕， 都会令她失却难言的风韵，都会令她失却难言的风韵，美涌动于她的每一缕秀发，美涌动于她的每一缕秀发， 温柔地映照着她的脸颊，温柔地映照着她的脸颊，甜蜜而安详的思绪在表达，甜蜜而安详的思绪在表达， 哦，那思想的寓所纯洁而高雅。哦，那思想的寓所纯洁而高雅。12那面容，那眉宇，那面容，那眉宇， 温柔，安详，似蕴涵千言万语，温柔，安详，似蕴涵千言万语，那醉人的微笑，那生辉的容颜，那醉
9、人的微笑，那生辉的容颜， 诉说着她在温馨中度过的芳年，诉说着她在温馨中度过的芳年，宁静的心境能容下人间万象，宁静的心境能容下人间万象， 圣洁的心灵里珍藏着爱的琼浆圣洁的心灵里珍藏着爱的琼浆。And on that cheek, and oer that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent;The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of the days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is i
10、nnocent!13Appreciation and AnalysisFormStructure: 3 stanzas, with 6 lines in each stanza.Rhyme scheme:Rhythm: iambic tetrameter14Stanza 1What figure of speech is used here?What is the color of the ladys dress? How do you know?The beauty of the lady lies in the mingling of two colors, what are they?
11、15Stanza 2The beauty of the lady is in the right proportion:“One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace”. 多一道阴影，少一抹光晕，多一道阴影，少一抹光晕， 都会令她失却难言的风韵都会令她失却难言的风韵16战国时期楚辞作家宋玉在登徒子好色赋中写道：战国时期楚辞作家宋玉在登徒子好色赋中写道： “东家之子，东家之子，增之一分则太长，减之一分则太短增之一分则太长，减之一分则太短；著粉则太白，施朱则太赤。眉如翠羽，肌如白雪，腰如著粉则太
12、白，施朱则太赤。眉如翠羽，肌如白雪，腰如束素，齿如含贝。嫣然一笑，惑阳城，迷下蔡束素，齿如含贝。嫣然一笑，惑阳城，迷下蔡 ” “One shade the more, one ray the less,” 拜伦巧妙运用绘画技巧，栩栩如生地塑造了一个拜伦巧妙运用绘画技巧，栩栩如生地塑造了一个美丽动人的女性形象。美丽动人的女性形象。17Stanza 3 shows the transition from the physical beauty of the lady to her inner beauty.which lines are the physical description and w
13、hich are the moral character?Stanza 318Poetic devices1. simile2. enjambment (run-on-lines)（诗句的跨行）（诗句的跨行）the breaking of a phrase, clause, or sentence by the end of a line or between two verses.3. a change of meter(格律格律): to attract attention to certain words( see “meet” in the fourth line of Stanza
14、1,)4. alliteration(头韵）头韵）: the repeating of the first letter of a word to get an easy-reading effect. Of cloudless climes and starry skies. 19Percy Bysshe Shelly(1792-1822) 201. Life of Shelley Birth: an aristocratic family. His father was a conservative and narrow-minded baronet(男爵男爵) Education: we
15、nt to Eton College ，then to Oxford University. Marriage: 1st marriage: Harriet Westbrook: a school-girl of 16. 2nd marriage: Mary Godwin, a famous woman writer of Mary Shelley.Death: in a summer of 1822sailing in a small boat and was drowned.212. His major workslyrics on nature and love: “Ode to the
16、 West Wind” “To a Skylark”.His masterpiece: Prometheus Unbound(解放解放了的普罗米修斯了的普罗米修斯) , a lyrical drama.Aeschylus(埃斯库罗斯埃斯库罗斯 ) Prometheus bound （被缚的普罗米修斯）被缚的普罗米修斯）22Ode(颂歌颂歌): An ode is a long lyric poem, serious and dignified in subject, tone and style, sometimes with elaborate stanzaic structure, oft
17、en written to celebrate an event or an individual. “ode on a Grecian Urn”(希腊古瓮颂) by John Keats23structure Terza rima ,tetsri:m, ,terts:ri:m: 三行诗节押韵法（象旦丁神曲中所用的诗体， 三行为一节， 每节的第二行与下一节的第一、三行押韵Terza rima(三行体)：a three-line stanza linked by rhyme to the next stanza: aba bcb cdc Shelleys “Ode to the West Win
18、d”Consists of 14 lines subdivided into four 3-line units or rhyming aba bcb cdc ded and a closing couplet rhyming ee.24QuestionsWhy does Shelley compared the west wind to both a destroyer and preserver?How do you interpret the image of Spring? Do you think it is personified?What are the features of
19、the stanza form in the poem? 1) run-on line (跨行跨行/跨节的诗行跨节的诗行)to imitate the unrestrained and free wind25哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！ 你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避： 黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有冀的种子摧送到以车驾把有冀的种子摧送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺
20、在那里，黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里， 像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起 她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍， （唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）（唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中） 将色和香充满了山峰和平原。将色和香充满了山峰和平原。 不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行； 破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！ 26没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱， 流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯 脱
21、离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。 成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面， 有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁， 从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿 直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳 欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年 你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜 将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶， 里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌那是你
22、的浑然之气，从它会迸涌 黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！ 27是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒，是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒， 而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天， 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边， 它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁,而且都生满青苔、开满花朵，而且都生满青苔、开满花朵， 那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你 让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波 把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底 那
23、海洋中的花草和泥污的森林那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林 虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力； 在水天辉映的波影里抖颤在水天辉映的波影里抖颤听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青： 一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！ 28哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起， 假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾， 是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息， 假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如 你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！假如我能像在少
24、年时，凌风而舞假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞 便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空 （因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄， 似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今 这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。 哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！ 这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命 原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。29把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：
25、 尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐 将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意： 虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落， 让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！ 哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星 从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！ 让预言的喇
26、叭通过我的嘴唇让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇 把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！要是冬天把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！要是冬天 已经来了，西风呵，春日怎能遥远？已经来了，西风呵，春日怎能遥远？30Overall AnalysisThe West Wind represents liberty, the untamedness of nature and power for Shelley. The wind is the changing part in nature, which also controls heaven and the sea. It can stand for death, but at the sa
27、me time it means life. It is a destroyer and a preserver. Shelley sees the wind as a chance to get a new inspiration and to transmit his ideas and prophecy. 31Ode to Grecian Urnby John Keats32General IdeaIt is a lyric poem based on the ironies of The changes in reality and the motionless art that la
28、sts foreverIt is contradictory to see the stillness of the urn with the beautiful art lively as the reality33The Structure of This PoemFive Stanzas:I.Overall description of the urnII.Several features of the urns worldIII.The compliments on the eternity in the urns world (Love & passion, eternal spring)IV.Another different sight of the sacrifice & desolate townV.the significance that the urn tells people34
