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1、Nursing EnglishAnnie Wong 王一婷Email: Office:7D306 RequirementsPreviewPracticePerformanceRaptureReviewRepeatReference护理英语护理英语人民卫生出版社人民卫生出版社 宋军主编宋军主编护患情景会话护患情景会话100100例例 东南大学出版社东南大学出版社 李惠玲主编李惠玲主编医学英语单词触类旁通医学英语单词触类旁通科学技术文献出版社科学技术文献出版社 周铁成周铁成编著编著医学英语听与说医学英语听与说高等教育出版社高等教育出版社 王丽娟主编王丽娟主编医学英语教学短文阅读医学英语教学短文阅
2、读上海外语出版社上海外语出版社 梁正溜主编梁正溜主编 Parkinson J, Brooker C. (2004). Everyday English for International Nurses. 1st ed. Churchill Livinstone.Unit 1Introduction to Medical TermsLearning objectives*掌握：掌握：医学英语复数形式；医学英语单词的医学英语复数形式；医学英语单词的构成法构成法*熟悉：熟悉：医学英语单词的发音基本规律医学英语单词的发音基本规律*了解：了解：医学英语的来源；医学英语的同义现医学英语的来源；医学英语的同
3、义现象象Origin of Medical TermsNative WordsOld EnglishBorrowed WordsGreekLatinFrenchGermanItalianSpanish医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则开音节、重读开音节：读字母音开音节、重读开音节：读字母音A rate date basinE renal penisI bite glycemiaO nose diagnosisU nude student医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读闭音节、闭音节：读强弱音、弱音重读闭音节、闭音节：读强弱音、弱音A rat gland tho
4、racicE bet retinaI bit biscuitO nod toxicU null stubborn医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节Bacillus （杆菌）（杆菌）Appendicitis（阑尾炎）（阑尾炎）adenoma（腺瘤）（腺瘤）Splenoceratosis（脾硬化）（脾硬化）Transurethral（经尿道的）（经尿道的）streptoco cus（链球菌）（链球菌）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节
5、、大部分重音在倒数第二音节两个元音一起算一个音节两个元音一起算一个音节Anemia （贫血）（贫血）Macrosomia（巨体）（巨体）Cholelithiasis（胆石病）（胆石病）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节-rrhea diarrhea (loose bowels)腹泻腹泻 menorrhea (period)月经月经 amenorrhea 闭经闭经 rhinorrhea 鼻溢鼻溢医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重
6、读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节3 3、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-y：学科、方法、性质Physiology （生理学）Immunity （免疫）Disability （残疾）Maternity（母性、怀孕）Gastrectomy（胃切除）Laparoscopy （腹腔镜）Bronchography （支气管造影）医学英语单
7、词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-oid 像、类、似、状Albuminoid （白蛋白样的，类蛋白）Carotinoid （类胡萝卜素）Rheumatoid （类风湿的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-meter 计Thermometer （体温计）Spirometer （肺活量计）Sphygmometer （脉搏计）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则部分-al结尾的词 cerebral （大脑的）Professional （专业的）Esophageal （食道的）Laryngeal （喉的）Pharyngeal （咽的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单
8、词发音基本规则部分-ate结尾的词Permanganate（高锰酸盐）Reticulate （成网状）Aggregate （聚集）Aggravate （加重）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节 -rrhea-rrhea3 3、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词19Formation of pluralsWords end
9、ing in a, retain the a and add eWord analysisSingularPluralVertebraVertebraePleura pleurae20Formation of pluralsWords ending in um, drop the um and add aWord analysisSingularPluralBacteriumbacteriaOvumova21Formation of pluralsWords ending in us, drop the us and add iWord analysisSingularPluralBronch
10、usbronchiBacillus bacilli22Formation of pluralsWords ending in ex or ix ,drop the ex or ix,and add icesSingularPluralApexApicesCortexCorticesVarixVaricesWord analysis23Formation of pluralsWords ending in is ,drop the is and add esWord analysisSingularPluralDiagnosisDiagnosesPsychosisPsychoses 24Form
11、ation of pluralsWords ending in on ,drop the on and add aWord analysisSingularPluralGangliongangliaPhenomenon PhenomenaSynonymous phenomenon of medical termsReferentLatin OriginGreek OriginbodyCorpusCorpuscle SomaSomatocyte fatAdip-Adipoid Lipo-Lipodystrophy jointArtic-Articulation Arthro-Arthrocele
12、 RedRub-Rubeosis Erythro-Erythrocatalysis SkinCutis-SubcutaneousDerma-EpidermisTongueLingua-LingualGlossa-Glossal Word-formation in Medical Terminology医学英语构词法医学英语构词法Affixation 词缀法词缀法Composition 合成法Conversion 转类法Blending 拼缀法Backformation 逆成法Clipping 截短法Acronyms 首字母缩略法AffixationPrefixationAutograft is
13、ograft allograft xenograft SuffixationImmune immunity immunize immunizationCombining vowelO I A RETROGASTRICRetr-o-gastr-ic(prefix-vowel-root-sufix)Composition Compound word 合成词Open compoundHeart failure / bone growth /sleeping sicknessHyphenated compoundHigh-resolution / fat-free / bottle-feed Soli
14、d compoundWindpipe / sleepwalk / overweightNeoclassical compound 新古典主义合成词Biocide / psychanalysis / biophysics ConversionI sent you an e-mail. I e-mailed you yesterday.Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you. Blending Part + part genome (gene + chromosome) Whole + part breathalyze
15、r (breath + analyzer)Part + whole Medicaid (medical + aid) medicare (medical + care) chemotherapy (chemical + therapy)Backformation 动词由名词去掉词缀而来Chain-smoke chain-smokerAutomate automation Diagnose diagnosis Ovulate ovulation Psychoanalyze psychoanalysis Clipping Exam examinationFlu influenzaLab labor
16、atory Polio poliomyelitisPsych psychology Ad advertisementAcronyms CT (computerized tomography) / RBC (red blood cell) / ECG (electrocardiogram) TB (tuberculosis) / OD (overdose) / IV (intravenous) a.c. (ante cibum = before meal) p.c. (post cibum = after meal)b.i.d (bis in die = twice a day)t.i.d (t
17、er in die = three times a day)Homework Reading first part “Brief History of English Language”Translate “Early Modern English”(class 1) and “Late Modern English”(class 2), and submit within 2 weeks. 35Unit 2Word AnalysisLearning objectives*掌握：掌握：常见的词根前缀、后缀和联接词常见的词根前缀、后缀和联接词*学会学会: :根据前缀、后缀、词根估测单词的意根据前
18、缀、后缀、词根估测单词的意思思Word analysisHemat/o/logyElectr/o/cardi/o/gramGastr/o/enter/o/logyRetro/gastr/ic Pre/nat/alThe three types of word partWord roots usually indicate the involved body partSuffixes usually indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.Prefixes usually indicate the location, tim
19、e, number, or status.Rules for using the combing vowelA combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel (a-e-i-o-u)A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant.A combining vowel is always used when two or more roots words are joined.A prefix does not require a co
20、mbining vowel.Retro/gastr/icHemat/o/logySub/hepat/icGastr/o/enter/o/logy Word rootsWord roots PrefixesPrefixes Suffixes Suffixes Formation of pluralsFormation of pluralsWord analysisWord rootsAdenomaAdenitisAdenologyWord analysisAden/o 腺体腺体Word rootsBiologyBiopsyBiotherapyWord analysisBi/o 生物、生命；成双的
21、生物、生命；成双的BicephalusBicolorBicycleWord rootsCarcinomaCarcinosarcomaWord analysisCarcin/o 癌，瘤癌，瘤Word rootsCardiologyCardiovascularCardiomyopathyWord analysisCardi/o 心脏心脏Word rootsCerebrumCerebralCerebritisCerebrovascular accident Word analysisCerebr/o 大脑大脑Word rootsCystoscope/cystoscopyCystomaCystopye
22、lonephritisWord analysisCyst/o 包囊，囊肿，膀胱包囊，囊肿，膀胱Word rootsCytobiologyCytocide insecticideWord analysisErythrocyteLeukocyteThrombocyteLymphocyteMonocyteCyt/o -cyte 细胞细胞Word rootsDermatitisDermal/DermicDermatosis/dermatopathyWord analysisDermat/o derm/o 皮肤皮肤Word rootsElectroencephalogram Encephalosis/e
23、ncephalopathyWord analysisEncephal/o 脑脑Word rootsGastroenterologyGastritisWord analysisGastr/o 胃胃Word rootsHematomaHemoglobinHematocyteHemogramWord analysisHemat/o Hem/o 血液血液Word rootsHepatitisHepatocarcinomaWord analysisHepat/o 肝脏肝脏Word rootsLaryngitisLaryng/o/scopyWord analysisLaryng/o 喉喉Word root
24、sLymph/o/cyteLymph/aden/itisWord analysisLymph/oWord rootsMast/o/carcinomaMast/itis Word analysismast/o 乳房乳房 乳腺乳腺Word rootsNephricNephritisNephrectomyWord analysisNephr/o 肾脏肾脏Ren/oRenalWord rootsNeurologyNeuralNeuralgiaWord analysisNeur/o 神经神经Word rootsOncologistOncotomyWord analysisOnc/o 肿瘤，肿块肿瘤，肿块
25、Word rootsOphthalmicOphthalmectomyOphthalmalgiaWord analysisOphthalm/o 眼睛眼睛Word rootsOsteoarthritisOsteoarthropathyWord analysisOste/o 骨骼骨骼Word rootsPathologist/PathologyPathologicPathoglycemiaWord analysisPath/oWord rootsPsychosisPsychologypsychologistWord analysisPsych/oWord rootsRhin/o/rrhagiaRhi
26、n/o/plastyRhin/itisWord analysisRhin/o 鼻子鼻子Word rootsHemat/uriaUr/emia Word analysisur/o ;urin/o 尿尿 Prefixesa-,an-,ab Anemia Abnormal Abacterial Anallergicauto-Autopsy Autoimmune Autoantibodydia-Diagnosis DiameterWord analysis Prefixesdys-Dysentery Dysarthrosisendo-Endocrine Endomyocarditisexo-Exocr
27、ineWord analysis Prefixeshyper-Hyperglycemia Hypertensionhypo-Hypodermic Hypoglycemia Hypotensionpro-Prognosis Pronucleus ProerythrocyteWord analysis Prefixesre-Reevaluate Reexamineretro-Retrogastric Retrocardiacsub-Subhepatic SubrectalWord analysis Prefixestrans-TransurethralTransdermalTransabdomin
28、alWord analysis Suffixes-al neural enteral-algia arthralgia neuralgia -cyte leukocyte erythrocyte-ectomy gastrectomy nephrectomy-emia leukemia hyperglycemiaWord analysis Suffixes-globin hemoglobin -gram hemogram arthrogram-ic gastric nephric dermic-ism hyperthyroidism feminism -itis gastroenteritis
29、nephritis Word analysis Suffixes-logist neurologist endocrinologist-logy nephrology gynecology-oma hepatoma carcinoma-opsy biopsy autopsy-osis nephrosis gastrosisWord analysis Suffixes-scope gastroscope laparoscope-scopy laparoscopy arthroscopy-sis diagnosis prognosis-tomy neurotomy lapraotomyWord a
30、nalysis Suffixes -reviewing-ectomy VS -tomy-osis VS -sis-scope VS -scopyWord analysisExpanding your knowledgeColloquial EnglishIdioms: parts of the bodyPhrasal verbsProfessional and General Nursing SchoolColloquial EnglishAnus - back passageBladder waterworksBowels gutBrain headpiece, noodle, nutBre
31、ast bosom, chest, nipplesParts of the bodyColloquial EnglishElbow funny boneEnlargement of abdomen in older people middle-age spreadEye optics, peepersTo be boss-eyed; to be cock-eyedTo have a lazy eyeColloquial EnglishGenitals down below, private parts, thingHead brain-box, brain-pan, skullHeart en
32、gineTo have a dicky heartLungs bellows, tubesTo be short-windedColloquial EnglishLegs bandy legged (bow), drumsticks, knock-kneed, peg leg, pinsTo have a gammy legTo have ducks diseaseTo be bad on ones pinsNavel belly buttonColloquial EnglishNose beacon; to be blocked up; stuffySpine backboneStomach
33、 abdomen, tummyTo burpTo have a gastric stomachTo have a pain in ones gutsColloquial EnglishThroat organ-pipe, windpipeA churchyard coughPhlegmTo have a frog in the throatTo have a throatTongue furred, furry, thickUrethra pipe, waterpipeColloquial EnglishConstipationTo be bunged upTo be costiveI hav
34、ent been for 4 days.Defaecate To do a big jobTo have the bowels openedTo use a bedpanBody functionsColloquial EnglishDieTo be a gonerTo burn oneself outTo pass awayTo lay outTo pop off To go to the next worldColloquial EnglishFaintTo back outTo pass outFaeces, stoolsBusiness, motionsAre your motions
35、 well formed?Colloquial EnglishMenstruateOnes periodThe time of the monthWhen was your last period?Have you seen anything?I havent seen for 6 weeks.Colloquial EnglishPregnantTo be expectingTo be having a babyTo be in a delicate conditionTo fall for a babyShes 6 months gone.Colloquial EnglishSleepTo
36、close ones eyesTo have a catnapTo nod offTo have some shut-eyeTo have a dozeColloquial EnglishUrinate (micturate)To pass waterTo spend a penny (women only)To wee-wee (childish)To hold out a babyTo potColloquial EnglishVomitTo be sickTo pump your heart upTo feel sickHave you been sick?To be as sick as a dog (or cat)To have a sick headacheColloquial EnglishWeepTo break downTo cryTo turn on the waterworksTo blub/blubber
