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1、1.动词不定式动词不定式的用法的用法1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语5.作宾补作宾补6.作状语作状语动词不定式动词不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态3.1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数人称单数。Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实形式主
2、语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。主语的动词不定式放到句末。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.2. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,inte
3、nd,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等等等。动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同作宾语意义截然不同try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等等trytodosth.尽力去做某事尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试一试，试试看试一试，试试看Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.Trytogetthereontime.forgetto
4、dosth.忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事忘了做过某事IforgettellingheraboutitIforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.remembertodosth.记住去做某事记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事记得做过某事Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2.如果不
5、定式作宾语而后面又有一个如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。主动表示被
6、动。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语1主主语语和和表表语语都都是是不不定定式式（其其含含义义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：往往一是条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主主语语是是以以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mis
7、take, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等等为为中中心心词词的的名名词词词词组组，或或以以 what 引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句表表示示，表表语语用用不不定定式说明其内容，如：式说明其内容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注注：在在某某些些句句型型中中，当当主主语语部部分分有有动动作作动动词词do 时时，作作表表
8、语语的的不不定定式式可可以以省省略略符符号号 “to”，如：，如：All we have to do is pushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.5.动词不定式作宾补动词不定式作宾补常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：（1）可接带）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动的不定式作宾补的动词有：词有：ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,perm
9、it,wish,invite,encourage等等（2）可跟省）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：动词有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have注：注：help后可跟省后可跟省to或带或带to的不定式的不定式作宾补。作宾补。Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?动词不定式在主动
10、语态中用省动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带要用带to的形式作主语补语。的形式作主语补语。6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。示目的、原因、结果、程度等。1表示目的：表示目的：They ran over to welcome thedelegates.Hestooduptobeseenbetter.2.表示表示结果：果：What have I said to make you
11、 soangry?He came round to find himself inhospital.不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：soastoWould you be so kind as to lend meyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.tooto5.onlytodo表示一种意想不到的结果表示一种意想不到的结果Eg:Wewenttothetrainstationonlytofi
12、ndthatthetrainhadleft.当当too前有前有only时，时，onlytooto译译作肯定。作肯定。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。肯定。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1. I opened the door to enter the room. 3. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般
13、式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。2.saw her enter the room.进行式进行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2.Hepretendedto be reading whenhismothercameintohisroom.不定式的进行式表示正不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作在进行的动作,和谓语动和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进词所表示的动作同时进行。行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（
14、完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的完成不定式的完成式表示的动作式表示的动作在谓语表示的在谓语表示的动作之前发生。动作之前发生。巩固练习1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be repairingB. repairing is required of themC. require
15、 that they be repaired.D. need to be repaired.解析：and并列谓语动词， need to be repaired相当于need repairing.D2. I wish you had brought your family with you. Ill get them _ next time. A. coming B. to come C. come D. have comeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make, have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。3. We climbed to the top of the
16、tower _a better view of the area.A. getting B. got C. having got D. to getD解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。4. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house. A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to getD解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smith thought of， 一个是动词不定式to get enough money to buy t
17、he new house.5. The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night. A. entering B. enter C. to enter D. enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。6. Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father told him _. A. not to do B. not do it C. do not to D
18、. not toD解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 为了避免重复，后面省略了surf the Internet.7. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _ you. A. invite B. to invite C. inviting D. to have invitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。See you next time!
