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1、第二节方法运用于命题专题二七选五栏目索引七选五的常考命题跟踪训练1.主旨概括型主旨概括型该该题题型型可可分分为为两两类类：标标题题句句和和主主题题句句。标标题题句句短短小小精精悍悍，多多为为名名词词性性短短语语或或祈祈使使句句，用用以以总总结结文文章章或或某某个个段段落落的的主主旨旨；主主题题句句用用以以交交代代整整篇篇文文章章或或某某段段的的中中心心思思想想。主主旨旨概概括括句句一一般般设设在在段段首首，考考查查考考生生的的主主旨旨概概括括能能力力。一一般般而而言言，短短文文首首段段给给出出中中心心句句，其其他他各各段段有有一一个个段段落落中中心心，均均为为中中心心句句服服务务，形形成成总总
2、分分关关系系。段段落落第第一一句句为为本本段段主主题题句句，其其他他句句为为细细节节支支撑撑句句，各各句句通通过过意意义义或或逻逻辑辑联联系系起起来来，形形成成完完整整的的段段落落。注注意意篇篇章章布布局局，理理清清文文章章脉脉络络是是解解答答此此类类试试题题的的关关键键。主主题题句句具具有有一一定定的的概概括括性性，不涉及具体内容。错误选项常常以偏概全，或与全文中心相悖。不涉及具体内容。错误选项常常以偏概全，或与全文中心相悖。 七选五的常考命题2.上下过渡句上下过渡句用用来来显显示示前前后后逻逻辑辑关关系系的的句句子子称称为为过过渡渡句句，起起承承上上启启下下的的作作用用，显显示示上上下下文
3、文的的逻逻辑辑关关系系，使使得得行行文文流流畅畅，衔衔接接自自然然。主主要要有有三三种种方方式式实实现现过过渡渡：一一是是核核心心词词汇汇的的重重复复；二二是是使使用用指指示示代代词词this/that/these/those/such等等；三三是是使使用用过过渡渡词词语语next，in addition，however，but等等。此此类类题题目目需需要要瞻瞻前前顾顾后，上下求索。错误的选项使衔接不自然，行文不连贯。后，上下求索。错误的选项使衔接不自然，行文不连贯。3.细节支撑句细节支撑句用用来来支支撑撑主主题题的的句句子子称称为为细细节节支支撑撑句句，细细节节支支撑撑句句通通过过本本身身的
4、的逻逻辑辑或或意意义义连连接接成成一一个个完完整整的的段段落落。和和主主题题句句相相比比较较，细细节节支支撑撑句句更更具具体体，往往往往是是事事实实、分分析析、举举例例、引引用用等等的的一一部部分分。解解答答此此类类题题目目应应该该利利用用前前后后句句代代词词的的指代关系、逻辑关系以及时间先后关系等寻找突破口，找到关联点。指代关系、逻辑关系以及时间先后关系等寻找突破口，找到关联点。 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 36 ，there are s
5、everal ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.典例1(2017全国全国)解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。空空格格后后说说“有有几几种种方方法法来来处处理理这这些些情情况况”，B项项“当当你你想想在在工工作作中中避避免免受受到打扰时到打扰时”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。答案解析答案答案B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work 37 .Tell the pers
6、on youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.解解析析主主旨旨概概括括型型。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。设设空空处处位位于于段段首首，根根据据后后文文提提到到的的“告告诉诉对对方方你你很很抱抱歉歉、向向对对方方解解释释你你有有很很多多事事情情要要做做以以及及另另约约时时间间”可可知知，本本段段讲讲述述的的是是：在在自自己己很很忙忙的的时时候候不不要要不
7、不好好意意思拒绝，故选思拒绝，故选A项。项。答案解析答案答案A. If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noWhen people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除消除) future interruptions.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三
8、步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。空空格格前前说说“当当人人们们试试图图打打扰扰你你时时，你你要要确确定定好好时时间间，让让他他们们知知道道什什么么时时候候回回来来找找你你或或者者你你去去找找他他们们”，空空格格后后说说“这这样样做做能能帮帮你你消消除除未未来来受受到到打打扰扰的的可可能能”，E项项“让让他他们们知知道道你你什什么么时时候候有有空空非非常常重重要要”与与上上下下文文衔衔接接紧紧密，故为答案。密，故为答案。答案解析答案答案E. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableWhen you
9、 need to talk to someone，dont do it in your own office. 39 ，its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。空空格格前前的的in your own office与与D项项中
10、中的的in the other persons office相相对对应应。D项项“如如果果你你在在别别人人的的办办公公室室或或者者公公共共区区域域”与与空空格格后后的的内内容容衔衔接接紧紧密密，故为答案。故为答案。答案解析答案答案D. If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaIf you have a door to your office，make good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself a
11、nd let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗暗示示) that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed.解解析析细细节节支支撑撑句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。根根据据空空格格前前的的“如如果果你你的的办办公公室室有有门门，那那么么就就好好好好利利用用它它”可可知知，本本段段主主要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰，故选要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰，故选G项。项。答案解析答答案案G.
12、Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。文文章章主主要要就就如如何何在在工工作作中中避避免免受受到到打打扰扰提提出了几点建议。出了几点建议。A.If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre
13、 in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not Lots of people find it hard to get up in the mornin
14、g，and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact，the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Heres how to make one.典例2(2017全国全国)解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。空空前前提提到到要要调调整整身身体体的的生生物物钟钟，那那么么如如何何调调整整呢呢？空空后后的的“Heres how to make one.”中中one又又指指什什么么呢呢？
15、浏浏览览各各选选项项，只只有有C项项“一一个个更更好好的的睡睡眠计划会有所帮助眠计划会有所帮助”符合上下文语境。符合上下文语境。答案解析答案答案C. A better plan for sleep can help. 37 In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day
16、？Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.解解析析主主旨旨概概括括型型。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。显显然然，该该空空应应填填本本段段的的主主题题句句。由由本本段段中中的的“为为了了作作出出改改变变，你你需需要要决决定定为为什什么么它它很很重重要要”及及“一一旦旦你你清清楚楚了了自自己己的的理理由由”等等描描述述可可知知，你你要要想想清清楚楚为为什么要早起，故选什么要早起，故选B项项“找到
17、合适的动机找到合适的动机”。答案解析答案答案B. Find the right motivation.Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-ho
18、ur more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。由由空空后后的的bought a coffee maker可可锁锁定定G项项“重重新新考考虑虑你你用用在在咖咖啡啡馆馆排排队队买咖啡的买咖啡的15分钟分钟”。答案解析答答案案G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.Keep your
19、 sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night， sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found. 解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。由由本本段段首首句句可可知知本
20、本段段主主题题是是“在在周周末末要要坚坚持持(执执行行)你你的的睡睡觉觉和和起起床床时时间间表表”，与与此此主主题题符符合合的的只只有有F项项“坚坚持持你你设设定定的的就就寝寝和和起起床床时时间间，不不管管是是哪哪天天”。答案解析答案答案F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day. 39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a n
21、ew method for a week，take a look at your record. 40 If not，take another look at other methods you could try.答案解析答案答案E. If the steps you take are working，keep it up.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。本本段段讲讲的的是是每每周周要要记记录录并并评评价价你你的的计计划划，如如果果有有效效，就就继继续续坚坚持持，如如果果无无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法
22、。由空后的效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。由空后的If not也可直接锁定也可直接锁定E项。项。语语篇篇解解读读本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。很很多多人人觉觉得得早早上上起起床床很很困困难难并并将将其其归归咎咎于于闹闹钟钟。其其实实，要要想想早早上上轻轻松松起起床床，关关键键是是要要调调整整自自己己身身体体的的生生物物钟钟。具具体体如何做呢？作者给出了一些锦囊妙计！如何做呢？作者给出了一些锦囊妙计！A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And con
23、sider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working，keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.1(2017山东临沂三模山东临沂三模)Being Left-handed in a Right-handed WorldThe world is designed for righ
24、t-handed people，but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left？跟踪训练解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。根据上文的问句以及后文的内容可知根据上文的问句以及后文的内容可知, ,此处是以问句引出下文。选此处是以问句引出下文。选D项。项。答答案案D. Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?
25、答案解析 1 The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery.Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families，its assumed that left-handedness has a genetic(基基因因的的) component to it. 2 In fact，identical twins，who share the same genes，can sometimes prefer to use different hands.There
26、are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with，but many experts believe that its kind of random.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。上句提到左撇子的形成有基因的原因，故此处用上句提到左撇子的形成有基因的原因，故此处用A项进行同义解释。项进行同义解释。答案解析答案答案A. In other words，left-handers are born t
27、hat way.Historically，the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 3 In some areas，the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand.In many religions，the right hand of God is the favored hand.For example，Jesus sits at Gods right side.Gods left hand，however
28、，is the hand of judgement.Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved.In some parts of Scotland，it is considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey.答答案案C. The unfavorable associations of the use of the left
29、 hand among cultures are varied.答案解析 4 A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary.In some Asian countries，eating with the left hand is considered impolite. 解解析析细细节节支支撑撑句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。前前文文
30、提提到到“In some parts of Scotland”以以及及后后文文的的“In some Asian countries”并并结结合合空空后后的的“giving directions”的的内内容容可可推推知知，此此处处应应具具体体叙叙述述某某一一国国家家的的人们对左撇子的看法，故选人们对左撇子的看法，故选F项。项。答案解析答答案案F. In Ghana，pointing，gesturing，giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude. 5 People come to realize that lef
31、t-handedness is natural.People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed，including Benjamin Franklin，Leonardo Da Vinci，and Charlie Chaplin.Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better.The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to th
32、e right-handed world as well.Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead，it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.答答案案G. Fortunately，nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before.答案解析A.In other words，left-handers are bor
33、n that way.B.Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.C.The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.D.Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?E.Why do some parents force their left-handed children
34、 to become right-handed when writing?F.In Ghana，pointing，gesturing，giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude.G.Fortunately,nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before. 语篇解读2(2017吉林长春外国语学校期中吉林长春外国语学校期中)How to Meet New PeopleEverybody knows t
35、hat first impressions count.If you want to know how to meet people，just follow these steps. Live in the moment.To meet new people，the first thing you have to do is enjoy the present moment of the new conversation.Let go of your expectations and fears. When you approach a new person，dont ask yourself
36、，“How do I look？” or “How do I sound？” Instead，ask，“What would this person like to talk about？” “What matters to this person？”答案答案G. They can prevent a conversation from unfolding smoothly.答案解析 6 If you keep up your confidence，people feel that youre a person who is worth talking to.You should be con
37、fident before you walk into a room with new people in it and build your confidence as the conversation goes along.Just smile，talk about the things that you love，and show everyone that you love who you are，where you are，and what you do.解解析析主主旨旨概概括括型型。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。根根据据下下面面两两段段话话
38、主主要要讲讲的的内内容容可可判判断断出出，作作者者给给的的第第二二条条建建议议主主要要是是建建议议人人们们要要有有自信，所以自信，所以A项项“保持自信保持自信”适合用作中心句。故选适合用作中心句。故选A。答案答案A. Stay confident.答案解析 7 8 Stand tall，maintain eye contact，and dont fidget with your hands or look at the floor.When you introduce yourself，speak clearly and loudly enough that youll be heard.解解
39、析析细细节节支支撑撑句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。根根据据后后面面讲讲述述的的内内容容可可判判断断出出，本本段段主主要要讲讲述述的的是是肢肢体体语语言言方方面面的的建建议议，所所以以C项项“肢体语言能帮助你保持自信肢体语言能帮助你保持自信”与下文紧密相连，符合语境。故选与下文紧密相连，符合语境。故选C。答案答案C. Body language can help you stay confident.答案解析Be positive. 9 You should smile from time to time.Talk about the things
40、 you love，the things that make you happy，and your interests to keep people engaged.解解析析细细节节支支撑撑句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤等等法法解解答答该该题题。该该部部分分的的标标题题句句为为“Be positive.”，F项项意意为为“保保持持积积极极乐乐观观的的态态度度能能让让人人们们想想和和你你谈话谈话”，与标题句相照应，符合语境。故选，与标题句相照应，符合语境。故选F。答答案案F. Maintaining a positive attitude will make people
41、want to talk to you.答案解析Dont talk about your long-standing hatred for a certain teacher，or classmate. 10 The occasional “Thats so true！” or “I know exactly what you mean！” will be far more positive.解解析析上上下下过过渡渡句句。运运用用语语意意判判断断、黄黄金金三三步步骤骤、代代入入复复读读等等法法解解答答该该题题。下下文文提提到到，当当赞赞同同对对方方的的看看法法时时最最好好能能说说一一些些表表示
42、示赞赞同同的的话话；B项项意意为为“不不要要点点头头，每每隔隔五五秒秒说说一一些些表表示示赞赞同同对对方方所所说说的的话话”，与与下下文文照照应应，符符合合语境。故选语境。故选B。 答答案案B. Dont nod and agree with what the person is saying every five seconds.答案解析语篇解读语篇解读本文主要介绍了一些与新结识的人谈话时的建议。本文主要介绍了一些与新结识的人谈话时的建议。语篇解读A.Stay confident.B.Dont nod and agree with what the person is saying every five seconds.C.Body language can help you stay confident.D.Dont ask for the persons number in the middle of the conversation.E.Communicate in a fun and casual way.F.Maintaining a positive attitude will make people want to talk to you.G.They can prevent a conversation from unfolding smoothly.
